石灰土壤原状土柱上硼和锌的迁移

Leaching of boron （B） and zinc （Zn） can be significant in some pedomorphic conditions, which can cause contamination of shallow groundwater and economic losses. Boron and Zn adsorption and transport was studied using 8.4 cm diameter × 28 cm long intact columns from two calcareous soil series with differing clay contents and vadose zone structures： Lyallpur soil series, clay loam （fine-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustalfic Haplargid）, and Sultanpur soil series, sandy loam （coarse-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustollic Camborthid）. The adsorption isotherms were developed by equilibrating soil with 0.01 tool L^-1 CaCl2 aqueous solution containing varying amounts of B and Zn and were fitted to the Langmuir equation. The B and Zn breakthrough curves were fitted to the two-domain convective-dispersive equation. At the end of the leaching experiment, 0.11 L 10 g L^-1 blue dye solution was also applied to each column to mark the flow paths. The Lyallpur soil columns had a slightly greater adsorption partition coefficient both for B and Zn than the Sultanpur soil columns. In the Lyallpur soil columns, B arrival was immediate but the peak concentration ratio （the concentration in solution at equilibrium/concentration applied） was lower than that in the Sultanpur soil columns. The breakthrough of B in the Sultanpur soil columns occurred after about 10 cm of cumulative drainage in both the columns; the rise in effluent concentration was fast and the peak concentration ratio was almost 1. Zinc leaching through the soil columns was very limited as only one column from the Lyallpur soil series showed Zn breakthrough in the effluent where the peak concentration ratio was only 0.05. This study demonstrates the effect of soil structure on B transport and has implications for the nutrient management in field soils.     

农村分散生活污水地下渗滤系统处理技术研究

我国广大农村地区对生活污水处理的需求日益紧迫,急需经济、高效、适用性强的的农村分散生活污水处理技术,因此本研究采用地下渗滤系统处理农村生活污水,设计排水量为0.4m3/d,地下渗滤系统池面积为2.4m2,进水为真实农村生活污水。本文对系统运行500天的进出水水质进行了分析,结果表明地下渗滤系统对生活污水中的氨氮、CODcr、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为57%、68%、44%和45%。试验证明利用地下渗滤系统处理农村单户生活污水地具有广阔的应用前景。     

土壤中铬的化学行为研究Ⅴ.土壤对Cr(Ⅲ)吸附和沉淀作用的影响因素

本试验研究了土壤、矿物对Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的吸附和沉淀作用，结果表明：在ｐＨ４．０时，三种土壤对Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的吸附量是青紫泥＞黄筋泥＞旱地红壤。Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的吸附量和沉淀量之和随ｐＨ的变化曲线可分为四个区域。在Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）吸附或吸附－沉淀区域的ｐＨ范围内（ｐＨ＜６．０），土壤对Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的吸附分量随溶液中ｐＨ升高而减少，沉淀分量则随ｐＨ升高而增加；溶液中富啡酸和柠檬酸的存在可以增加Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的沉淀量。     

Adsorption of Phosphate on Variable Charge Soils

The study about the adsorption of phosphate on four variable charge soils and some minerals revealed that two stage adsorption appeared in the adsorption isotherms of phosphate on 4 soils and there was a maximum adsorption on Al-oxide-typed surfaces between pH 3.5 to pH 5.5 as suspension pH changed from 2 to 9, but the adsorption amount of phosphate decreased continually as pH rose on Fe-oxide typed surfaces. The adsorption amount of phosphate and the maximum phosphate adsorption pH decreased in the order of yellow-red soil > lateritic red soil > red soil > paddy soil, which was coincided with the content order of amorphous Al oxide. The removement of organic matter and Fe oxide made the maximum phosphate adsorption pH rise from 4.0 to 5.0 and 4.5, respectively. The desorption curves with pH of four soils showed that phosphate desorbed least at pH 5. Generally the desorption was contrary to the adsorption with pH changing.     

朝鲜禽肉类销售中断

乌克兰科学家最近发现，在受放射性物质污染的动物饲料中添加的硅酸盐，能够吸附放射性物质并连同动物粪便一起被排出体外，从而可有效保护动物免受放射性物质危害。     

广东主要母质发育水稻土对硅的吸附特性

Silicate adsorption in eight paddy soils developed from four different parent materials in Guangdong Province, China was examined to obtain fundamental knowledge of silicate adsorption to improve the efficacy of silicate fertilizer use in these areas. A correlation analysis showed that silicate adsorption did not obey the Langmuir equation （r = -0.664- 0.301） but did obey the Freundlich and Temkin equations （P〈0.01, r = 0.885-0.990）. When the equilibrium silicate concentration （Ci） was less than 45 mg SiO2 kg^-1, the adsorption capacity was in the following decreasing order of paddy soils： basalt-derived 〉 Pearl River Delta sediment-derived 〉 granite-derived 〉 sand-shale-derived. Stepwise regression and path analysis showed that for the investigated paddy soils amorphous MnO and Al2O3 were the two most important materials that affected silicate adsorption. Moreover, as Ci increased, amorphous Al2O3 tended to play a more important role in silicate adsorption, while the effects of amorphous MnO on silicate adsorption tended to decrease.     

Sorption of Organic Compounds in Soil Organic Matter

Soil orgain matter(SOM) is the predominant component for sorption of hydrophobic organic compouds in soil and sorption by SOM ultimately affects chemical fate and availability in soil,and the degree of remediation success of contaminated soils.This paper summarizes the latest development on sorption of organic compounds in soil(natural)orgainc matter,addresses four sorption mechanisms:surface adsorption,solid-phase partitioning,dual-mode sorption,and fixed-pore sorption model,and presents future research directions as well.     

四种土壤调理剂对镉、铅的吸附效果研究

采用等温吸附试验研究了主要原料为麦饭石(M)、蒙脱石(T)、牡蛎壳(O)和硅钙矿(S)4种土壤调理剂对溶液中镉和铅的吸附效果。结果表明,4种土壤调理剂对镉和铅的吸附均可用Langmuir方程进行描述;相比而言,4种土壤调理剂对镉吸附量的大小顺序为O调理剂>S调理剂>M调理剂>T调理剂,对铅吸附量的大小顺序为M调理剂>S调理剂>O调理剂>T调理剂;随溶液pH值的增大各调理剂的吸附量逐渐减小,尤其当Cd溶液pH值>8,Pb溶液pH值>6,各调理剂的吸附量迅速降低。     

6种湿地填料对含铅废水中铅吸附作用的比较研究

为评价人工湿地常用填料对含铅废水中铅的吸附作用,并在此基础上为利用湿地处理特殊重金属废水筛选出更为适用的湿地填料,研究了沸石、砾石、磁铁矿石、陶粒、石英砂和膨胀珍珠岩六种湿地填料对废水中铅的吸附作用.结果表明:当废水中Pb2+浓度为200 mg· L-1时,各填料对废水中Pb2+的吸附能力依次为沸石＞磁铁矿石＞砾石＞石英砂＞膨胀珍珠岩＞陶粒,其中经磁铁矿石和沸石吸附处理后出水中Pb2+能够达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)(≤1.0 mg·L-1).沸石、磁铁矿石和砾石对铅的等温吸附曲线表明,沸石对铅的吸附容量较砾石和磁铁矿石大.综合考虑吸附效果和经济性能,认为采用砾石作为人工湿地处理废水中Pb2+的填料,同时在砾石中掺入一定量沸石可以提高湿地填料的吸附效果.