C化学位移特点研究

由诺卜醇和丙酸酐合成了丙酸诺卜酯，用MS，IR，^1HNMR及^13CNMR分析进行了结构表征，利用^13C化学位移分析出其构象是：C-1-C-2-C-3-C-4-C-5部分处于同一平面，整个6，6-二甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯部分呈“Y”形。丙酸诺卜酯可以看成是阿朴蒎烯在C-2发生取代的衍生物，取代基对^13C化学位移的影响主要集中在C-2，C-1和C-3，对其它碳原子的影响比较小。     

网箱养殖大黄鱼遗传多样性的同工酶和RAPD分析

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法(PAGE)和RAPD技术对象山港网箱养殖大黄鱼群体遗传多样性进行检测。结果表明，所分析的12种同工酶共记录了27个基因座位，其中3个基因座位Est-2、Est-3和m-Adh-2为多态，其多态座位比例为11．111％，平均杂合度为0．0279。16个RAPD随机引物共检测出119个位点，其中多态位点20个(16.81％)，个体间的遗传相似系数为0．844～0．972，遗传变异度为0．0927，Shannon多样性指数为6．326，多样性值为0．0532。不论是同工酶电泳分析结果还是RAPD分析结果，均表明象山港网箱养殖大黄鱼遗传多样性水平较低。     

Analysis of the Genetic Diversity and Origin of Some Chinese Domestic Duck Breeds

Twelve fluorescence-labeled microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds to determine the relationship and origin of Chinese domestic duck breeds. Gene frequency, effective number of alleles （Ne）, expected heterozygosity （He）, polymorphism information contents （PIC）, inbreeding coefficient in population （Fis）, standard genetic distance （Ds）, and genetic distance （DA） were calculated by FSTAT and distance and phylogenetic analysis after the dates which were output from the Microsatellite-Toolkit software. Genetic distances between 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds were analyzed by variance analysis. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） and phylogenetic trees used for cluster analysis were structured. The results indicated that 11 loci had medium- or high-level genetic diversity among the 12 loci, which could be efficiently used in the detection of the genetic parameters of each population. The values of He were 0.5414 to 0.7343, those of PIC proved similar, and those of Fis were 0.1101 to 0.3381 among all populations. All breeds were clustered into three groups by UPGMA phylogenetic trees. Banzui duck was clustered into a separate group. Differences of the DA were analysed by t-test. The results showed that difference in DA between the 12 domestic duck breeds and Lvtou duck and the Banzui duck were very significant （P〈0.01）, indicating that these 12 domestic duck breeds originated from Lvtou wild duck, but not Banzui duck.     

Multi-Temporal Detection of Rice Phenological Stages Using Canopy Spectrum

Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0' could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺链构象转变以及溶剂化效应的分子动力学模拟

应用分子动力学方法模拟了聚合度为100的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺分子链在真空和稀水溶液中的构象转变。可以观察到分子链在500K下逐渐发生蜷缩,末端距下降,与实验现象定性一致。此外,研究结果还表明,随着温度的升高,高分子链重复结构单元NiPA上(C)O和(N)H基团均发生明显的去溶剂化作用,且高分子链段间发生聚集。     

家畜基因组遗传多态标记—微卫星标记研究进展(上)

对家畜核基因组中多态遗传标记—ＤＮＡ微卫星标记的研究进展及其应用进行综述。主要涉及以下两大方面：首先是家畜基因组中分子遗传标记，主要是ＤＮＡ微卫星标记的研究发现及有关该标记的定义、特性等；其次是ＤＮＡ分子标记在家畜基因组分析研究、家畜遗传连锁图制作、基因诊断、家畜品种进化演变和个体系谱确证等方面的应用概况。     

油茶随机扩增多态DNA条件的研究

以改进的CTAB法提取油茶嫩叶总DNA,进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析,分别测试了Mg2+浓度、引物浓度、dNTP浓度、模板DNA浓度和TaqDNA聚合酶用量对反应结果的影响,确定了油茶RAPD分析的最适反应体系:在25μlPCR反应体积中,含20ng模板DNA,2 5mmol·L-1MgCl2,0 2mmol·L-1dNTP,0 3μmol·L-1引物,1UTaqDNA聚合酶。扩增程序为:94℃预变性180s;94℃变性60s,37℃退火90s,72℃延伸120s,反应40个循环;最后在72℃延伸5min。     

场效应对有机物性质的影响

讨论了场效应对有机化合物的酸性，反应活性及单糖构象稳定性等方面的影响，指出场效应的重要性不能被忽视。     

马尾松表达序列标签多态性初步分析

遗传图谱是现代分子数量遗传学研究的一个基本平台 ,在过去的十几年中 ,林木遗传学家在几十个树种中构建了分子标记连锁图谱 ,并进行了一些重要数量性状的QTL分析。 (Bradshawetal.,1994 ;Ceveraetal.,2 0 0 1;Deveyetal .,1994 ;Echtetal .,1997;Grattapagliaetal.,1994 ;Muka     

西藏绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊随机扩增多态DNA研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对西藏绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊的遗传变异进行了分析比较 ,用 37个随机引物和 5 5个两两组合的随机引物组合进行筛选 ,筛选出了 5个多态性较为丰富的随机引物 (组合 )。用这 5个随机引物 (组合 )对 3个品种 ,每个品种 2 8个个体进行扩增。据它们的RAPD指纹图计算了遗传距离 ,得到 :西藏绒山羊同内蒙古绒山羊的遗传距离为 0 0 876 ,西藏绒山羊同辽宁绒山羊的遗传距离为0 16 0 1,内蒙古绒山羊同辽宁绒山羊的遗传距离为 0 0 80 3。这同它们之间地理位置的远近相吻合。据RAPD指纹图计算了西藏绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊的遗传变异分别为 0 32 6 6 ,0 2 6 2 2 ,0 2 4 75。这同它们系统选育的历史长短相一致。