高效功能陶粒生物滤池处理农村生活污水研究

利用粉煤灰、锯末和铁矿石等废弃物,经造粒和高温烧结,自行开发了两种高效功能陶粒,并将其与沸石以“砖墙”式嵌套填充,构筑了高效功能陶粒生物滤池。采用该生物滤池,研究对农村生活污水（COD：200mg·L^-1,NH3-N：20mg·L^-1,TP：4．0mg·L^-1）的深度脱氮除磷作用。结果表明,高效功能陶粒具有表面粗糙,比表面积大,机械强度高,耐酸碱性能好和无重金属溶出等优点。该生物滤池上下部分分别形成好氧区和厌氧区,从而达到深度脱氮除磷效果。在水力停留时间（HRT）为2．15～5．73h,水力负荷为2．8—7．5m^3·m^-2·d^-1时,两个生物滤池对氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）和化学需氧量（COD）均具有很好的去除效果,两个功能陶粒生物滤池的去除率分别达到83．6％-98．3％、89．1％～99．7％和84．4％-95．2％,优于普通生物滤池。     

污泥堆肥和热干燥对土壤和土壤腐殖酸性质的影响

The effect of annual additions of composted sewage sludge (CS) and thermally dried sewage sludge (TS) at 80 t ha^-1 on soil chemical properties was investigated for three years in a field experiment under semiarid conditions. Humic acids (HAs) isolated by conventional procedures from CS, TS, and unamended (SO) and sludge amended soils were analysed for elemental (C, H, N, S and O) and acidic functional groups (carboxylic and phenolic) and by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies. With respect to CS, TS had similar pH and total P and K contents, larger dry matter, total organic C, total N and C/N ratio and smaller ash content and electrical conductivity. Amendment with both CS and TS induced a number of modifications in soil properties, including an increase of pH, electrical conductivity, total organic C, total N, and available P. The CS-HA had greater O, total acidity, carboxyl, and phenolic OH group contents and smaller C and H contents than TS-HA. The CS-HA and TS-HA had larger N and S contents, smaller C, O and acidic functional group contents, and lower aromatic polycondensation and humification degrees than SO-HA. Amended soil-HAs showed C, H, N and S contents larger than SO-HA, suggesting that sludge HAs were partially incorporated into soil HAs. These effects were more evident with increasing number of sludge applications.     

废水生物处理法及在贵阳污水处理中的应用研究

综述了传统废水生物处理的微生物原理以及目前研究进展,介绍了贵阳市水资源概况和污水处理现状,重点论述了贵阳市污水处理中废水生物处理的应用和新技术的采用,以处理不同类型的工业废水及生活污水,提高污水处理率。     

污水污泥对植物生长影响的研究

在不同泥土(污水污泥和普通泥土)种植玉米实验,结果表明:在污泥中玉米的发芽率比普通泥土中高出40%;在污泥中玉米的长势:叶色浓绿、茎干粗壮,明显好于普通泥土的玉米;污泥中的玉米植株高度(58cm)比普通泥土的(33cm)高出25cm;在普通泥中种植的玉米植株在生长的前期(前15d)长得比较快,在污泥中种植的植株显得比较"慢热",在中后期生长速度明显比普通泥的速度要快。因此得出:污水污泥的肥力比较高,而且污泥中的有机物以及氮、磷、钾能够有效地为植物提供营养物质。因此,污泥施用于农田能够改良土壤结构、增加土壤肥力、促进植物的生长。污泥用作肥料,可以减少化肥施用量,从而减少农业成本和化肥对环境的污染。既有较好的经济效益又可造福于人类。     

Biomass Industrial Effluent Effect on Carbohydrates, Aminoacids, Nitrite and Nitrite Enzyme Activities of Arachis hypogaea L.

The objectives of the present investigations are to see the effects of biomass power plant effluent on the carbohydrates, aminoacids, nitrite and nitrite enzyme activitiesand proline of Arachis hypogaea L. var TCGS 320 under controlled pot culture methods. Plants were cultivated with 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the effluent and a control without the effluent. The treatment of the crop with 25% of the effluent has shown stimulatory effect on all the biochemical parameters studied. Carbohydrates, starch, aminoacids, protein, nitrate and nitrite reductase enzymatic activities have increased in 10, 15, 20 DAS （days after sowing）. In 25 and 30 DAS all biochemical parameters have decreased, due to environmental factors （rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc.）. The present investigation clearly indicated that the biomass power plant effluent has stimulatory effect on all the biochemical contents at lower concentration, and at higher concentration they have deleterious effects.     

农村室外污水系统设计方法初探

本文介绍了农村室外污水系统的设计方法,给出了生活污水水量的计算步骤,总结了处理排放要求和设计原则,并分析了膜生物反应器处理工艺、人工湿地技术、集装式纯氧生化工艺和地埋式无动力厌氧处理技术和组合处理工艺几种污水处理方法,给以后的农村生活污水设计提供了一种方法和指导。     

油田污水回注管道腐蚀速率灰色理论预测

介绍了胜利油田某采油厂七个污水站污水回注管道的腐蚀情况,利用灰色理论关联分析方法分析了污水站回注管道腐蚀速率和腐蚀因素之间的关系,确定了影响胜利采油厂污水站管道腐蚀的主要因素为总矿化度、硫酸盐还原菌和溶解氧含量.通过GM(1.1)系统建立了腐蚀速率随时间变化的灰色动态模型,预测了腐蚀速率的变化,预测值与实际值吻合得较好.     

“小树坑”搬上招标会

在山东兖州农村,利用闲置坑塘挖坑种树这种小事,现在却成了家家户户都关心参与的热闹事;原来用来倾倒污水、丢弃垃圾的坑坑壕壕,却成了发家致富的"聚宝盆"。     

太湖流域农村污水污染特征研究

通过对常熟市辛庄镇5个典型村庄的生活污水和畜禽养殖废水为期1年的采样监测,分析了pH、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TN、PO43--P、TP、COD等污染指标,明确了农村生活污水和畜禽养殖废水的污染特征状况。研究结果表明,生活污水的SS、氮、磷和COD含量很高,超过了国标生活污水排放标准的限值,总体上旱季各指标浓度高于雨季;养殖废水的SS、NH+-N、TP和COD含量超过了国家的日排放标准。     

5种农村生活污水处理工艺运行效果

[目的]筛选农村生活污水处理最佳工艺。[方法]运用MBR、SBR、海沃特复合生物水、脉冲多层复合滤料生物滤池、DSP-SH(A2/O)5种常见的农村生活污水处理工艺对江苏省太湖流域地区进行1 a的连续监测,比较分析不同工艺对生活污水中COD、TP、TN和氨氮的处理效果。[结果]5种农村生活污水处理工艺均可明显降低生活污水中的COD、TP、TN和氨氮浓度,出水水质达到一级B标准,其中脉冲多层复合滤料生物滤池对污染物的去除效果最佳,可以获得64%以上的COD去除率及90%以上的氨氮去除率,运行最为稳定。[结论]为农村生活污水处理提供了科学依据与借鉴。