‘桂热杧82号’花期短截花枝试验

为延迟‘桂热杧82号’采收期,提高杧果种植效益,对‘桂热杧82号’在不同花期进行短截花枝处理试验。结果表明,在原生花序初花期、盛花期短截花枝并配套相应的栽培技术,‘桂热杧82号’均易抽出再生花序,再生花序盛花期较对照分别推迟约30~35d、40~50d,采收期较对照分别推迟约30d、40d,且产量较对照显著增加,分别是对照的1.63倍、2.25倍;有胚果数量较对照明显增多,分别是对照的1.39倍、2.25倍;采收期果实品质与对照无明显差异。原生花序初花期、盛花期短截花枝是推迟‘桂热杧82号’上市的有效措施。     

土层深度和季节变化对保护地西瓜连作土壤中丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的影响

The characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community structure in various soil depths and growing seasons of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown in commercial greenhouses in Daxing of Beijing and Weifang and Laiyang of Shandong, China were investigated using both morphological identification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The sampled soils had been used for continuous greenhouse production of watermelon for 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 years. Glomus claroideum was the dominant species in the greenhouse soils planted for 5, 10, and 15 years in Laiyang, while Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum were dominant in the nearby open farmland soil. Sorenson’s similarity index of AMF community composition ranged from 0.67 to 0.84 in the soils planted for 5 years, and from 0.29 to 0.33 for 20 years among the three locations. Spore abundance, species richness, and the Shannon index were highest near the soil surface (0-10 cm) and decreased with soil depth, and higher in June and October than in August and December. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that available P and the number of years that soil had been used for greenhouse production were the main factors contributing to the variance of AMF community composition. It was concluded that the community structure of AMF was mainly influenced by soil available P and planting time of watermelon as well as by soil depth and seasonal variation in the commercial greenhouse.     

天津地区‘红香酥’梨丰产栽培管理技术

从高接、整形修剪、花果管理、病虫害防治、肥水管理等方面总结天津地区‘红香酥’梨丰产栽培管理技术,并提出发展‘红香酥’梨园的建议。     

‘黑珍珠’樱桃新品种引种及栽培技术研究简

浙江省桐庐县‘黑珍珠’樱桃的引种实施区单产455kg,平均价格45元/kg,单位产值20475元/667m^2,单位纯收益为18000元/667 m^2;而项目实施过程中的对照单产324 kg,平均价格26元/kg,单位产值8424元/667 m^2,单位纯收益为5450元/667 m^2。增幅分别为140.4%、281%、243.1%、330.3%,项目实施区经济效益极明显。     

不同疏花定果时间对‘华硕’果实品质的影响

以3年生‘华硕’为试材,于2013年春季在宁阳县葛石镇刘家庄村果园进行不同时期的疏花定果试验,以传统疏花疏果方式为CK,研究不同时期疏花疏果对‘华硕’果实品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,本试验的疏花定果管理方法在单果重、着色指数、光洁指数和可溶性固形物含量方面,都有不同程度的提高。     

70%烯酰吗啉·嘧菌酯WDG防治葡萄霜霉病药效对比试验

为开发出更多对葡萄霜霉病有特效的农药制剂复配组合,延缓霜霉病的抗药性,在一段时间内彻底解决抗性霜霉病,并帮助农户丰收增产,我们进行几种农药制剂防治‘巨峰’葡萄霜霉病大面积田间药效对比试验,试验中与目前国内流行的优秀药剂进行广泛对比。结果表明,在每667 m2用水量45 kg情况下,70%烯酰吗啉·嘧菌酯水分散粒剂450 g/hm2(制剂)对‘巨峰’葡萄霜霉病最佳防效达到73.7%,基本与250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC(凯润)360 ml/hm2(制剂)71.3%最佳防效相当;并且显著优于50%嘧菌酯水分散粒剂(阿米西达)225 g/hm2(制剂)38.6%最佳防效、30%苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯悬浮剂450 ml/hm2(制剂))57.9%最佳防效和325 g/L苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯悬浮剂(阿米妙收)450 ml/hm2(制剂))61.4%最佳防效。通过该试验,我们筛选出一些有价值的组合,为更好地防治葡萄抗性霜霉病提供技术支持。     

西葫芦新品种‘京葫CRV3’的选育

‘京葫CRV3’是北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心以‘05-13-15-9-8-20-1’为母本、‘06-10-5-13-11-16-8’为父本选育的高耐病毒病杂交西葫芦新品种。该品种早熟,植株长势强,茎蔓长。第1雌花着生在第6⁷节,瓜码密,连续坐瓜力强。商品瓜浅绿色带细网纹,光泽度好,中长柱形,瓜长227节,瓜码密,连续坐瓜力强。商品瓜浅绿色带细网纹,光泽度好,中长柱形,瓜长22²4 cm,直径724 cm,直径7⁸ cm,顺直均匀。单瓜质量400 g左右,667 m2产量约6 500 kg。植株耐寒、耐热性均好,不易早衰,适应性广,耐病毒病。适合南北方春、秋大棚和露地种植。     

菜豆新品种‘连农架豆10号’的选育

‘连农架豆10号’是以‘泰国豆’为母本、‘连农923’为父本杂交后经过系统选育而成。该品种植株蔓生,商品荚白绿色、扁条形、长直。春季大棚种植荚长23.8 cm,荚形指数1.41,单荚质量23.6 g;秋季大棚栽培荚长29.6 cm,荚形指数1.34,单荚质量30⁴0 g。春季大棚栽培平均每667 m2产量3 500 kg,秋季大棚栽培667m2产量1 600 kg左右。每100 g维生素C含量14.95 mg,可溶性固形物含量4.06%,粗蛋白含量4.1%,粗纤维含量1.58%,品质特别优。高抗锈病。适合北方地区春秋季露地和大棚栽培。     

高产抗病西瓜新品种‘黄河花冠龙’的选育

‘黄河花冠龙’是以‘JI910’为母本、‘LT-6’为父本杂交育成的中大果型有籽西瓜新品种。属中晚熟品种,全生育期101 d左右,果实发育期33 d左右。果实椭圆形,果皮深绿色覆规则中宽条,单果质量8 kg左右,667 m2产量4 500⁵ 500 kg。瓜瓤鲜红色,瓤脆汁甜,纤维少、口感风味较好。植株生长势中等偏强,坐果性能优良,对常见病虫害抗性较强,栽培容易,种植经济效益好,适宜我国北方大部分地区保护地和露地推广种植。2014年经山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为晋审西瓜2014002。