‘冬枣’与‘临猗梨枣’自然授粉后代果实性状研究

【目的】研究枣树自然授粉杂交后代的果实性状变异。【方法】在宁夏贺兰县暖泉农场建立‘临猗梨枣’园,按照父母本配置比例为10∶1,在枣园中部选择20株‘梨枣’(♂)嫁接‘冬枣’(♀),自然授粉杂交,收集冬枣种子播种获得F1代;从中优选64株引种到试验大棚内,观察其果实性状,并用10个SSR位点进行杂交后代鉴别。【结果】贺兰县自然授粉‘冬枣’的含仁率为85.0%,明显高于其他地区;鉴别‘冬枣’ב梨枣’的杂交后代57个,未发现‘冬枣’自交后代;56.9%的后代果实形状多为圆形、扁圆形,果实大小、单果质量为趋低亲变异,可溶性固形物含量为趋高亲变异,最终优选出4个综合性状优良的杂交后代。【结论】母本含仁率和自交不亲和是枣树杂交育种的基础,自然授粉杂交后代鉴别是枣树杂交育种的关键;有性杂交能够产生后代果实性状的广泛分离,并实现父母本性状的有效整合。     

完全甜柿新品种——‘宝盖甜柿’的选育

‘宝盖甜柿’是从湖北省罗田甜柿中选育的果大、籽少、耐瘠薄、丰产稳产的完全甜柿新品种。该品种平均单果质量210 g,种子1~3粒,肉质松脆,汁液多,味浓甜,耐贮藏,在湖北成熟期为10月中旬,适宜在湖北、安徽、河南等大别山甜柿主产区栽培。:     

‘红阳’猕猴桃优质结果母枝调查研究

通过调查枫木、八坊、浦田3个果园的‘红阳’猕猴桃结果母枝性状,综合分析结果表明,3个果园较优质的结果母枝类型应该具有长121.9 cm、粗1.17 cm、营养枝3.5个、萌芽率78.7%、节间长7.9 cm的特点,结果母枝留树量少于49枝。其中,枫木果园较优质的结果母枝类型应该是长148 cm、粗1.66 cm、节间长9.6 cm、结果枝13个、营养枝0个,结果母枝留树量多于8枝;八坊果园较优质的结果母枝类型应该是长135 cm、粗1.72 cm、总芽28个、结果枝17个、营养枝0~2个、萌芽率16.7%~100%,结果母枝留树量少于84枝;浦田果园较优质的结果母枝类型应该是长130 cm、粗1.27 cm、结果枝16个、营养枝0个、萌芽率94.1%,结果母枝留树量少于12枝。     

西瓜新品种‘晋抗6号’的选育

‘晋抗6号’是以‘Ja-135’为母本、‘Z83-1’为父本杂交育成的西瓜一代杂种。中熟,全生育期约105 d,果实发育期约31 d;果实椭圆形,果皮绿底覆深绿齿带;瓤色红,平均中心可溶性固形物含量10.0%~11.2%,口感细腻,味甜多汁,风味佳;中抗枯萎病;平均单果质量5.5 kg,667 m2产量4 200 kg以上。适宜山西省及周边地区作中熟栽培。2013年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

甘蓝新品种‘豫甘5号’的选育

分别以采用游离小孢子培养技术获得的双单倍体纯系‘C28-23’为母本、‘C55-17’为父本,育成早熟甘蓝杂交1代新品种‘豫甘5号’。‘豫甘5号’早熟、丰产,抗病毒病、黑腐病、霜霉病等病害,适应性强。叶球近圆形,生育期65 d左右,紧实度0.67,中心柱长度5.1 cm,不超过球高的1/2,平均667 m2产量3 582.1 kg,商品性好,质地脆嫩,风味佳。2010年3月通过全国蔬菜品种鉴定委员会鉴定。适应性较广,以华北地区最佳。     

厚皮甜瓜新品种‘中甜6号’的选育

‘中甜6号’是以‘B336’为母本、‘B317’为父本培育的杂交一代厚皮甜瓜新品种。该品种中早熟,果实发育期37~40 d,椭圆形果,平均单果质量1.7~2.5 kg,果皮白色光滑,果肉白色,中心可溶性固形物含量14.0%~16.5%,果肉厚度4.0 cm以上。适合我国西部地区露地及东部地区保护地栽培。2014年10月通过全国农业技术服务中心甜瓜新品种鉴定。     

椭圆黑皮无籽西瓜新品种‘中农无籽2号’的选育

‘中农无籽2号’是以‘MMD’为母本、‘K5M’为父本杂交育成的椭圆形大果型黑皮红瓤三倍体西瓜新品种。该品种中晚熟,全生育期105 d,果实发育期35 d。植株生长势强,果实椭圆球形,果皮黑色,覆蜡粉,外形美观。平均单果质量6~9 kg,畸形果少,商品果率超过95%。瓜瓤大红色,瓤质脆,汁液多,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右,边部8.5%左右;果实剖面好,白瘪籽小、少,品质优。667 m2产量可达5 000 kg以上,耐贮运,抗病性、适应性强,适合设施和露地栽培。2012年通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会认定。     

Soil particle size range correction for improved calibration relationship between the laser-diffraction method and sieve-pipette method

Particle size fraction(clay, silt, and sand) is an important characteristic that influences several soil functions. The laser-diffraction method(LDM) provides a fast and cost-effective measurement of particle size distribution, but the results usually differ from those obtained by the traditional sieve-pipette method(SPM). This difference can persist even when calibration is applied between the two methods. This partly relates to the different size ranges of particles measured by the two methods as a result of different operational principles, i.e., particle sedimentation according to Stokes’ Law vs. Mie theory for laser beam scattering. The objective of this study was to identify particle size ranges of LDM equivalent to those measured by SPM and evaluate whether new calibration models based on size range correction can be used to improve LDM-estimated particle size fractions, using 51 soil samples with various texture collected from five soil orders in New Zealand. Particle size distribution was determined using both LDM and SPM. Compared with SPM, original data from LDM underestimated the clay fraction(< 2 μm), overestimated the silt fraction(2–53 μm), but provided a good estimation of the sand fraction(53–2 000 μm).Results from three statistical indices, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, slope, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, showed that the size ranges of < 2 and 2–53 μm defined by SPM corresponded with the < 5 and 5–53 μm size ranges by LDM, respectively. Compared with the traditional calibration(based on the same particle size ranges), new calibration models(based on the corrected size ranges of these two methods) improved the estimation of clay and silt contents by LDM. Compared with soil-specific models(i.e., different models were developed for different soils), a universal model may be more parsimonious for estimating particle size fractions if the samples to be assessed represent multiple soil orders.     

‘四季蜜’龙眼花芽总蛋白质提取方法及双向电泳体系的优化

利用TCA丙酮法、丙酮法、TCA酚抽提法和改良酚抽法等4种方法,提取‘四季蜜’龙眼花芽的总蛋白质,在蛋白产量、单向SDS-PAGE和2-DE图谱等方面进行比较,并对IPG胶条种类、蛋白质上样量及等电聚焦条件等进行优化。结果表明:采用改良酚抽法,选用24 cm、pH3~10的胶条,按120μg上样,在适宜的等电聚焦条件下,可获得背景清晰、重复性好、分辨率高的2-DE图谱,本研究为‘四季蜜’龙眼花芽蛋白质组学后续研究奠定了基础。     

不同育苗容器对'吉美'海棠生理特性的影响

为研究不同育苗容器对'吉美'海棠(Malus'Jimei')生理特性的影响,以'吉美'海棠为对象,选择3种类型容器(控根容器、无纺布袋和营养钵)栽植'吉美'海棠苗木,测定其相关生理指标,以期找到最佳育苗容器类型.试验结果表明,无纺布袋30cm×30cm(直径×高)可作为'吉美'海棠苗木的最佳育苗容器类型.