~（60）Co γ射线不同剂量辐射甘蔗种芽试验初报

采用２０００γ、３５００γ、５０００γ、６５００γ、８０００γ５个等级的６０Ｃｏγ射线对甘蔗种芽进行电离辐射处理，观察对甘蔗生长发育的影响及苗期辐射形态变化，发现随着辐射剂量的增加出苗率明显下降，生长亦严重受阻，并发生矮化苗，茎色改变，心叶不抽出，株型变化等多种辐射形态变化。３５００γ以上的处理总变化数均在５０％以上，尤以５０００γ以上处理总变化率高，但差异不显著。初步认为蔗芽辐射育种的剂量范围为３５００－８０００γ，尤以３５００－６５００γ１为宜。     

Propagation in vitro of pear, Pyrus communis L., cultivars ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, ‘Packham's Triumph’ and ‘Beurré Bosc’

Shoot cultures were established from nodal explants of 3 pear cultivars by subculture on Murashige and Skoog medium containing mixtures of 3 cytokinins. Zeatin and 6·(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine were both supplied at 10 μM and benzyladenine as follows: ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, 6 μM; ‘Packham's Triumph’, 8 μM; ‘Beurré Bosc’, 10 μM. Production of axillary shoots was greater by basal explants (4–6) comprising the remnants of the previous subculture than by apical explants (2–3) comprising the distal parts of extension shoots. Up to 80% of microcuttings of all cultivars formed roots in vitro with either γ-indolebutyric acid, 10 μM, or α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 μM, and approximately 50% of rooted microcuttings were successfully established as container-grown plants. Use of aseptic methods for producing own-rooted pears is discussed in relation to fruit growing and fruit improvement.     

扶桑绵粉蚧辐照处理研究

为了寻求扶桑绵粉蚧有效除害处理方法,本文测定了γ-射线不同辐照剂量对该虫发育繁殖的影响,结果表明:随着辐照剂量的增加,各虫龄继续发育的比例明显降低;相同剂量水平下,各虫龄对辐照的耐受性随虫龄增大而增强,以3龄若虫和成虫的耐受性最强;大规模辐照测定表明,采用130Gy可有效阻止3龄若虫和雌成虫后代的发育繁殖。     

真菌发酵生产γ-亚麻酸培养条件优化研究

通过对深黄被孢酶菌株发酵产生γ-亚麻酸的培养条件,进行单因素和正交优化,确定最佳的发酵培养条件。     

PPARγ2基因外显子1多态性对猪胴体性状的影响

利用PCR-SSCP技术,对约克夏、杜洛克、长白猪、金华猪、碧湖猪和嵊县花猪共6个品种258头猪的PPARγ2基因外显子1进行多态性分析,并采用SPSS程序中GLM模型分析该位点与胴体性状的相关性。研究结果发现编码区175 bp处存在A175G单核苷酸多态。国内外猪种的基因型频率间存在较大差异,在国外种猪中,AA基因型频率较高,国内猪种中AG基因型频率较高。相关性分析结果表明,在长白猪群中,PPARγ2基因与肩部背膘厚、腰荐结合部背膘厚均存在极显著相关性(P<0.01),与6/7th肋背膘厚和眼肌面积均存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。在金华猪群内,PPARγ2基因与肩部背膘厚显著相关(P<0.05)。因此推测PPARγ2基因可能是影响猪胴体性状的潜在分子育种标记。     

Study on the hypoglycemic activities and metabolism of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma

The Alisma rhizoma is widely used in the therapy of diabetes in traditional folk medicine of China. Compositional analysis of the alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma (AEA) revealed that the eight compounds gotten from AEA are all belonging to protostane-type triterpenes. The AEA and compounds were incubated with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, glucose level in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes culture medium and lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured, and analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of AEA and compounds. At the same time, the uptake of AEA by 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the metabolism of AEA in SD rats were analyzed by HPLC-ESI/MS. As result, AEA increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte model, not increase adipogenesis; AEA inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity; alisol A-24-aceate (8) was absorbed by 3T3-L1 adipocytes; and two compounds were detected in blood and three were detected in urine in SD rats. So AEA had protostane-type triterpenes, these type compounds in AEA may have hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity and promotion of glucose uptake. In contrast to the anti-diabetic drug thiazolidinediones, they did not induce adipogenesis, avoiding the displeased effects of rosiglitazone.     

Soil macropore characteristics and aggregate stability with poly-γ-glutamic acid amendment under wetting–drying cycles

Soils are typically subjected to multiple wetting–drying (WD) cycles due to irrigation and seasonal climate cycles, which directly impact soil pore structure and soil aggregate stability. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a polymer used to improve soil water holding capacity and plant growth. However, the impact of γ-PGA on soil pore structure requires further research, particularly under WD cycles. Therefore, we investigated the different amounts of γ-PGA on soil structure, including soil aggregate stability, macropore (>100 μm) structure characteristics and the relationship between macropore characteristics (equivalent pore diameter, pore shape factor, soil porosity, fractal dimension (FD), soil connectivity and the percentage of aggregate content with particle size larger than 0.25 mm) and soil aggregate stability by structural equation modelling (SEM) under WD cycles. A sandy soil and a loam soil were studied, and amended with γ-PGA at three different concentrations: 0 (P0), 0.4% (P4) and 0.8% (P8) (w/w, %). Results showed that γ-PGA amendment increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) and the percentage of aggregate content with particle size larger than 0.25 mm (R_0.25) under WD cycles in both sandy and loam soils, while the MWD between P4 and P8 did not differ significantly. As the number of WD cycles increased, soil porosity (TP) increased due to an increase in pores of 100–500 μm. With γ-PGA added to soil, large microporosity (>1000 μm) increased in sandy soil, but decreased in loam soil. In addition, 8WD cycles also increased the FD (2.6%–4.2%) and pore connectivity (Con) compared with 4WD. Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that soil pore characteristics accounted for 74% and 98% of the variation in sandy and loam soils, respectively. TP, FD, Con and R_0.25 directly contributed to MWD, according to the SEM. These findings improve our understanding of pore characteristics and aggregate stability, which are key factors influencing soil quality when amended with γ-PGA during the seasonal WD period.     

Increased Inflammatory Mediators in Horses Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma vivax. A Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum from horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Banked serum samples collected during a previously reported T. vivax natural infection were used to analyze proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitrite/nitrate (NO_x) levels. We evaluated 12 serum samples from horses from a farm in southern Brazil, four of which had parasitological and molecular diagnoses for T. vivax and presented with clinical signs of disease. Cytokines were assessed by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and NO_x was measured using the modified Griess method. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NO_x were increased in serum of infected animals compared to that in noninfected animals. Therefore, infection with T. vivax caused an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide content.     

利用米糠外添GAD制备γ-氨基丁酸的工艺条件优化

以稻米加工副产品米糠为原料,采用单因素和正交实验确定了外添谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)制备γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的最佳工艺条件:GAD酶用量175u/g,酶解时间2h,pH5.5,酶解温度45℃。经验证实验,在最佳工艺条件下GABA生成量为1530.7mg/100g米糠。     

60Co-γ和EMS诱变“天隆一号”突变体库变异特征的初步分析

为培育新的适应长江流域气候类型的大豆品种,利用60Co-γ射线和EMS分别对大豆天隆一号的种子进行诱变处理,构建大豆突变体库。对350份有表型变异的株系进行连续两年田间鉴定,运用60对SSR标记进行分子检测,并对籽粒表型变化明显的突变株进行苯基丙酸类代谢主要酶qPCR分析。结果表明:350份材料中有145份在株高、叶形、花色、种皮色、结荚习性等方面有稳定可见的表型变异,101份材料中检测到与野生型天隆一号存在至少1个SSR位点差异,其中M3-SD-1与M3-SD-2有超过10个标记的差异。SSR分析表明,表型发生变异的突变体主要是由DNA变化引起的,且突变体发生了多位点变异,突变位点也彼此不同。qPCR检测结果显示,种皮色、脐色等发生突变的3个材料苯基丙酸类代谢途径中关键基因的表达量发生显著变化。研究结果既可以为大豆品种改良提供新的种质资源,也有助于大豆功能基因组的研究。