春白萝卜新品种雪单3 号的选育

雪单3 号是利用双单倍体育种技术选育的春白萝卜新品种。母本ED0108A 是以梅花春萝卜× 白玉春萝卜进行花药培
养获得的DH 系为轮回父本，与不育系进行多次回交，转育成的雄性不育系。父本ED3128 是由迟花春萝卜× 天鸿春萝卜进行
花药培养获得的DH 系。该品种生育期60 d（天），植株开展度45 cm，裂叶，小叶11 对，叶片数20，叶簇平展，叶色深绿；
肉质根长圆柱形，白皮白肉，根长36 cm，横径7.1 cm，单根质量1.1 kg，高抗黑腐病、芜菁花叶病毒病、黄瓜花叶病毒病和花
椰菜花叶病毒病，抗霜霉病，群体整齐度高。每667 m² 产量4 000～5 000 kg。适宜在湖北、湖南、河南、山东等地区早春栽培。     

122份栽培桃品种（系）黄白肉性状的分子标记辅助鉴定

【目的】 类胡萝卜素裂解双脱氧酶基因（Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases 4,CCD4）控制桃果肉颜色（白/黄）,CCD4存在3种等位基因。本研究利用Indel、SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳及SNP鉴定等基因分型技术分析我国主要桃黄白肉品种（系）中CCD4等位基因的差异,为主要黄/白肉品种（系）的基因型鉴定、亲本选配和选择相应的分子标记对不同来源子代的果肉颜色进行鉴定奠定基础。【方法】利用已经报道的桃不同果肉颜色中CCD4等位基因3种突变类型,合成不同引物进行PCR扩增,LTR反转录转座子插入突变经1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,CT单元重复的PCR产物在ABI3730XL测序仪上进行SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳检测,SNP标记经Sanger测序后利用ContigExpress软件分析CCD4等位基因的碱基替换（A→T）。综合以上结果,统计每份材料中CCD4等位基因的突变类型与果肉颜色的一致性。【结果】通过对不同来源的122份桃品种（系）材料进行基因型分析,发现CCD4发生LTR反转录转座子插入突变材料的基因型共有31份,占总材料的25.4%,其中纯合插入突变材料的片段扩增长度为729 bp,共有8份,占总突变的25.8%;CCD4发生微卫星重复序列突变材料存在2 bp的插入,扩增片段长度为179 bp,该类型共有68份,占总材料的55.7%,其中纯合插入材料25份,占总突变的36.8%;CCD4发生A→T碱基替换突变的材料较少,仅有1份,占总材料的0.82%,实际应用中可以不考虑该种类型。CT和LTR插入的两种突变类型的黄肉品种（系）有7份,占总材料的5.7%。研究结果表明,LTR反转录转座子插入突变和微卫星序列重复突变是黄肉桃中CCD4等位基因的主要突变类型。其中CCD4发生一种纯合突变或两种杂合突变桃品种（系）为黄肉类型,分子标记鉴定结果与调查的122份桃品种（系）黄白肉表型性状完全一致,准确率为100%。【结论】采用分子标记明确了122个桃品种（系）黄/白肉性状的基因型,为不同亲本组合子代表型鉴定的标记类型选择提供了技术支撑,为建立桃种质材料黄/白性状的分子辅助育种体系和黄肉桃的选育奠定了基础。     

基于B/S的农业气象自动化观测系统国家级平台设计与应用

农业气象自动化观测系统国家级平台是依托中国气象局组织的农业气象自动化观测试点工作而设计开发,平台的搭建采用B/S架构实现多级用户、跨平台登录,采用XML及JSON等数据传输格式实现国家级、省级、台站级用户信息交互,实现农业气象观测XML数据传输状态的监控、台站端设备状态的评估以及数据内容的实时查询。     

SPME/GC-MS法分析不同龙眼品种果实中的香气成分

采用 SPME/GC-MS法对4个龙眼品种果实香气成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明，4个龙眼品种共检测出44种芳香物质，其中烷类11种，烯类18种，酯类10种，醇类3种，酮类1种，炔类1种，它们构成4种龙眼主要的香气成分。4个龙眼品种在香气组成和含量上有所差异，储良、东良、东丰、石硖中分别含有25种、24种、26种、21 种香气成分。其中，4种龙眼共有的香气成分有7种：分别是十七烷、罗勒烯(顺式)、罗勒烯(反式)、别罗勒烯、1,3,8-对-薄荷三烯、α-石竹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯，但其相对含量都有所差异；此外，各品种也具有自己独特的香气成分，如储良特有的香气成分有9种：包括十六烷、2-甲基-4-亚甲基-5 -(2,2-二甲基环丙基)-1-戊烯、5-环丙基戊酸乙酯、二十酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、香叶基芳樟醇、芳樟醇、2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔；东丰特有的3种：包括1-碘十一烷、反式，反式-法尼基酸甲酯、2-羟基十二烷酸甲酯；石硖特有的4种：包括十一烷、(-)-异丁香烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-乙基环己烯、喇叭茶醇；东良没有特有的香气成分。     

Detection of cigarettes and other tobacco products by giant African pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus)

If the illicit tobacco trade were eliminated, governments could gain at least $31.3 billion a year, and more than 164,000 premature deaths a year could be avoided after 2030 (Joossens, Merriman, Ross, and Raw, 2009). Dogs have been used successfully in tobacco control programs, and there is a good chance that rats could also play an important role. In the present experiment, giant African pouched rats were trained to respond to filters that had been stored together with cigarettes (i.e., soaked) and to not respond to filters that had been soaked with noncigarette items. Generalization to untrained types of tobacco was then tested. The sensitivity of 4 rats trained on filters soaked with 1 of 7 types of cigarettes ranged from 86% to 100% (mean, 95%). There was very little evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on tobacco leaves and snuff but good evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on cigarettes that had been soaked with strong-smelling additives. These findings suggest that rats may be a valuable asset in the global effort to control illicit cigarette trade.     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.     

Genome-edited crops: how to move them from laboratory to market

Recent breakthroughs in CRISPR technology allow specific genome manipulation of almost all crops and have initiated a revolution in precision crop breeding. Rationally-based regulation and widespread public acceptance are needed to propel genome-edited crops from laboratory to market and to translate this innovative technology into agricultural productivity.     

3,5-二硝基水杨酸法与酶法测定甜玉米还原糖和蔗糖含量的比较

针对目前测定甜玉米还原糖和蔗糖含量的3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和酶法进行比较研究,分析两者在育种中的应用。结果显示:酶法的测量准确度比3,5-二硝基水杨酸法高,且其稳定性和重现性都优于3,5-二硝基水杨酸法。通过两种方法对10个甜玉米杂交种种子的还原糖和蔗糖含量的测定,证实了两种方法在甜玉米还原糖和蔗糖含量的检测上是一致的。从育种实践考虑,酶法适于样品数较小的检测,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法更适合于大批量样品的检测。