文蛤C1q基因的克隆与表达及其重组蛋白活性的研究

利用构建的文蛤cDNA文库,克隆得到了文蛤C1q基因全长cDNA序列,该序列全长1213bp,5′UTR为316bp,3′UTR为372bp,开放阅读框长度为525bp,编码174个氨基酸。在文蛤C1q(MmC1q)蛋白中,C1q结构域与软体动物、两栖类动物和脊椎动物中的C1q结构域均具有较高的同源性。通过荧光实时定量PCR,MmC1q mRNA在所检测的各个组织中均有表达,在肝胰脏中表达量最高。在细菌感染试验中,文蛤受鳗弧菌感染后,C1q相对表达水平有明显的上升调节,注射2h,MmC1qmRNA表达量最高,为对照组的2.19倍。包含成熟肽的MmC1q cDNA片段被重组,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,采用牛津杯法对MmC1q重组蛋白进行体外抑菌试验,但并未检测到明显的抑菌活性。     

黑麦草叶蛋白提取工艺研究

采用酸化和加热相结合的方法，研究了从黑麦草中提取叶蛋白的最佳工艺条件，并分析了黑麦草叶蛋白中的氨基酸组成。结果表明黑麦草叶蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为pH4.0，料水比1：2，凝聚温度为70℃，加热时间5min。该条件下提取的叶蛋白含量可高达70.48%。氨基酸分析显示黑麦草叶蛋白中人体必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和药效氨基酸分别占总氨基酸的40.3247%、22.2439%和77.5609%。黑麦草叶蛋白具有很好的营养、保健和药用价值。     

日粮蛋白质水平对育雏期绿头野鸭生长性能的影响

本研究选用刚出壳的绿头野鸭90只,随机分成3组,每组30只,分别饲喂能量相同,蛋白质水平分别为17.00%、19.00%、21.00%的饲粮,通过饲养和代谢试验研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对育雏期(0～4周龄)绿头野鸭生长性能的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮蛋白质水平的提高,蛋白质的代谢率逐渐下降,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从饲料报酬的角度看,19.00%的蛋白质水平完全可以满足绿头野鸭育雏期(0～4周龄)的生长需要。     

Effects of Energy,Protein and Amino Acids Levels on the Development of Mammary Gland and the Growth of Fetus in Sows at Late Gestation

Late gestation is an important period for rapid development of the sow's mammary gland and fetus. It is becoming more and more important to provide a suitable nutrient level in late gestation period for improve the reproductive efficiency of sow. Demand of energy, protein and amino acids for mammary gland and fetus in sows at late gestation are different. To provide reasonable nutrition for fetus, at the same time for the needs of mammary gland are still seldom reported. In this paper, the effects of dietary energy, protein and amino acids levels on the development of mammary gland and the growth of fetus were reviewed,the authors propose the requirement of energy, protein amino acid and reasonable proportion in sows at late gestation, in order to give some guidance for pig farmers.     

热带假丝酵母菌与桑叶黄酮对犊牛营养物质代谢和瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮中添加热带假丝酵母菌(CT)与桑叶黄酮(MLF)对断奶前后犊牛能量与氮代谢、瘤胃微生物蛋白合成以及瘤胃发酵的影响。选取(20±2)日龄中国荷斯坦公犊牛48头,随机分为4组,对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,断奶前为代乳品和开食料,断奶后为开食料;CT组在基础饲粮中添加CT;MLF组添加MLF;CM组添加CT和MLF。犊牛于56日龄断奶(代乳品),试验期60 d。分别于犊牛28、42、56和80日龄采集瘤胃液,35和63日龄进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:与CT组相比,CM组犊牛断奶前代谢能显著提高(P0.05),较CON组,断奶后CM组氮利用率显著提高(P0.05);断奶前MLF组较CON和CT组氮的生物学价值显著提高(P0.05)。与CON组相比,CT组显著提高了28~80日龄瘤胃液p H和56、80日龄瘤胃液微生物蛋白含量(P0.05),CT、MLF和CM组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度无显著变化(P0.05);与CON组相比,56日龄M LF组总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丁酸含量显著提高(P0.05);42日龄乙酸/丙酸CT和MLF组较CON组有提高的趋势(P=0.090),各组间乙酸和戊酸含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加CT有助于改善断奶前犊牛瘤胃液p H和促进瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成;添加CT和MLF有助于提高断奶前犊牛饲粮代谢能和氮的生物学价值,提高断奶后犊牛总能代谢率和氮的利用率,降低粪能和总排出氮量,同时具有改善瘤胃发酵的作用,并且CT与MLF联合使用效果优于单一添加。     

根据个体间蛋白质多位点基因型的比较分析中国黄牛的遗传关系

现行群体间遗传距离的度量方法都以等位基因频率的计算为依据，这些方法的缺点之一是在位点不多，多态笥不高时要求群体有较大的取样个体数目，另外，这些方法所建造的树素图不能反映群体是由混血引起还是由长期进化引起这一问题，针对这些问题，本文提出了以个体间蛋白质多位点基因型比较为基础的群体间遗传距离和群体内基因杂合度的度量方法，以十个主要中国黄牛群体的遗传关系分析为例，比较圆满的解决了上面几个问题。     

Metabolism of microbial nitrogen in ruminants with special reference to nucleic acids

Characteristically the metabolism of microbial nitrogen (N) compounds in ruminants involves the degradation of dietary N and synthesis of microbial protein (MP), compounds including a small amount of peptides and free amino acids, which may account for 75–85% of total N and the remainder are nucleic acids (NA: DNA and RNA). Generally rumen microbes contain 10–25% NA‐N of the total N while 70–80% is in the form of RNA. This paper describes the degradation and synthesis of NA in the rumen and their fate in the lower digestive tracts. Their physiological and nutritional significance in different types of ruminant animals is also discussed. The research works on NA metabolism in ruminants has been mainly on metabolism of purines after rumen microbial digestion and absorption in the lower gut. Subsequently, the fate of absorbed purines has been intensively investigated to assess the extent of MP synthesis in the rumen. The method for predicting ruminal synthesized MP and subsequently digested MP has been proposed using urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in sheep and cattle fed on ordinary feed. The latter approach has now been adopted for calculation of protein supply in some feeding standards, although there are still difficulties in predicting representative samples of rumen microbes, and also uncertainties in variations of non‐renal and endogenous purine losses.     

Ki-67 and minichromosome maintenance-7 (MCM7) expression in canine pituitary corticotroph adenomas

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) caused by pituitary corticotroph adenoma is a common endocrine disorder in dogs. The ratio between pituitary height and the area of the brain (P/B) has been used to evaluate the pituitary size. A P/B ratio > 0.31 indicates an enlarged pituitary, whereas a P/B ratio ≤ 0.31 indicates a nonenlarged pituitary. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of proliferation markers Ki-67 and minichromosome maintenance-7 (MCM7) in canine corticotroph adenomas in enlarged and in nonenlarged pituitaries and to evaluate their relation with the size of canine pituitary corticotroph adenomas. Ki-67 and MCM7 expression in ACTH-positive tumor cells was determined by dual-labeling immunohistochemistry in resected corticotroph adenomas from 15 dogs with PDH. The mean ± SD Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was 0.55% ± 0.59% in corticotroph adenomas with nonenlarged pituitaries and 1.6% ± 0.6% in adenomas with enlarged pituitaries. The MCM7 LI in corticotroph adenomas with nonenlarged pituitaries and in adenomas with enlarged pituitaries was 2.9% ± 2.2% and 10.9% ± 3.7%, respectively. The Ki-67 LI and MCM7 LI were significantly greater in the adenomas with enlarged pituitaries than in the adenomas with nonenlarged pituitaries (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). The MCM7 LI was significantly greater than the Ki-67 LI in adenomas (P < 0.01). The Ki-67 LI was positively correlated with the MCM7 LI (r = 0.820, P < 0.01), and the P/B ratio was positively correlated with the Ki-67 LI (r = 0.560, P = 0.03) and the MCM7 LI (r = 0.854, P < 0.01). In conclusion, canine corticotroph adenomas in enlarged pituitaries show greater proliferation potential than do adenomas in nonenlarged pituitaries. MCM7 expression was significantly greater than Ki-67 expression in canine pituitary corticotroph adenomas. Thus, MCM7 may be superior to Ki-67 as a proliferation marker in pituitary tumors.