牛边缘无浆体病原学研究进展

边缘无浆体病是由边缘无浆体引起的一种严重危害牛养殖业的传染病。本文概述了边缘无浆体病原形态学、分类学、体外培养以及种系发生关系的研究现状,并总结了近年来对边缘无浆体主要表面蛋白（MSPs）的基因调控机理和病原表面蛋白的研究进展。     

鸡溶菌酶基因3＇端MAR在同源细胞系对基因表达调控的研究

用带有鸡溶菌酶基因增强子（Ｅ）和启动子（Ｐ）的编码细菌氯霉素乙酰基转移酶（ＣＡＴ）的融合基因（ＥＰＣ），在其上游区、下游区或在上游和下游区同时插入鸡溶菌酶基因３＇端核基质附着区（ＭＡＲ）的不同表达载体ＭＥＰＣ、ＥＰＣＭ和ＭＥＰＣＭ，稳定转染鸡ＨＤ１１Ｐｒｏｍａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅ同源细胞系，筛选不同表达载体稳定整合后的细胞株，检测ＣＡＴ表达水平，确定其表达基因拷贝数，从而分析鸡溶菌酶基因３＇端ＭＡＲ对基因表达的影响。稳定整合表达和瞬时表达实验结果表明，鸡溶菌酶基因３＇端ＭＡＲ在同源细胞系对基因表达没有激活作用，与该基因５＇端ＭＡＲ在同源或异源细胞系中能激活基因表达形成鲜明对照，说明５＇瑞ＭＡＲ和３＇端ＭＡＲ在调节鸡溶菌酶基因表达上存在一种协调关系。     

番茄单性结实研究进展

对番茄单性结实资源、评价鉴定方法、子房内源激素水平、分子机制及新品种选育等的研究现状进行了综述,尤其对近几年分子水平的最新研究进行了评述,对今后这一领域的研究做了展望。     

基于转录组的疏花软紫草低拷贝核基因引物开发

基于高通量的转录组测序,为大量并快速的开发分子标记提供契机。本研究对紫草科植物疏花软紫草进行转录组测序,共得到92042086条reads,从疏花软紫草158446个Unigene中搜索到332个低拷贝核基因。为进行多态性验证,从中随机挑选30个设计引物,并对3个疏花软紫草种群共9个个体进行PCR扩增,结果发现其中16对引物能够扩增出单一稳定的目的条带,从中随机挑选7个片段进行群体测序并计算DNA多态性。结果表明,7对引物的多态性位点平均值为657,单倍型平均值为514,单倍型多态性 （HD） 在0389~0944之间,核苷酸多态性 （Pi） 为000148~001723。通过转录组测序技术开发的低拷贝核基因有较高的多态性,且可以有效地运用于群体遗传学和谱系地理学研究中。另外,这些低拷贝核基因能够被运用于软紫草属植物系统发育重建以及物种形成等研究工作中。     

Therapeutic Intervention with Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Alleviates Fish Pathological and Molecular Systemic Inflammatory Responses against Infections

Marine bio-sourced chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) are antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents beneficial for fish medicine. Herein, dietary CSNP was investigated for the amelioration of the systemic inflammatory responses of an induced fish model. One hundred and forty-four rainbow trout were assigned to one pathogen-free and non-supplemented group (negative control), and three challenged groups: non-supplemented (positive control), CSNP-preventive, and CSNP-therapeutic. After a feeding experiment extended for 21 days, the organosomatic indices (OSI) and molecular aspects were assessed. After a challenge experiment extended for further 28 days, CSNP-therapeutic intervention was assessed on fish survival and systemic inflammatory responses on pathology, histo-morphology, and molecular aspects. With CSNP administration, OSI nonsignificantly decreased and the relative expression of targeted inflammatory-mediator genes was significantly increased. The CSNP-therapeutic fish showed an RPS of 80% as compared to the positive control group, and CSNP-therapeutic administration retained the highest gene expression augmentation up to 28 days after the challenge. Notably, the splenic reticulin fibers framework of the CSNP-therapeutic group retained the highest integrity among the groups during the infection. After recovery, reticulin fibers density in the CSNP-therapeutic samples was significantly higher than in the negative control group, which indicates high innate immunity. Thus, CSNP showed promising biotherapeutic features enhancing fish resistance against infections.     

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

亲环素基因在烟草不同器官及叶片不同发育时期的表达规律研究

通过对烟草中3个亲环素家族基因（CyPl、CyP2、CyP40）表达模式的研究,结果显示：在不同发育时期中,CyPI在烟草移栽后40、50、60d时表达量较高,CyP2则是在移栽后30、40、60d表达量较高,而CyP40只在移栽后60d表达量较高。在不同组织部位及器官的表达中,3个亲环素家族基因在中部叶和下部叶中表达均较强。在烟草根中主要表达CyPl和CyP40基因,CyP40还在花中表达较高,而CyP2基因的主要表达器官为叶片。     

Body weight of newborn and suckling piglets affects their intestinal gene expression

Modern hyperprolific sows must deal with large litters (16–20 piglets) which reduce piglet birthweight with a concomitant increase in the proportion of small and intrauterine growth retarded piglets. However, larger litters do not only have a greater variation of piglet weights, but also a greater variation in colostrum and milk consumption within the litter. To further understand the impact that body weight has on piglets, the present study aimed to evaluate the degree of physiological weakness of the smallest piglets at birth and during the suckling period (20 d) compared to their middle-weight littermates through their jejunal gene expression. At birth, light piglets showed a downregulation of genes related to immune response (FAXDC2, HSPB1, PPARGC1α), antioxidant enzymes (SOD2m), digestive enzymes (ANPEP, IDO1, SI), and nutrient transporter (SLC39A4) (P < 0.05) but also a tendency for a higher mRNA expression of GBP1 (inflammatory regulator) and HSD11β1 (stress hormone) genes compared to their heavier littermates (P < 0.10). Excluding HSD11β1 gene, all these intestinal gene expression differences initially observed at birth between light and middle-weight piglets were stabilized at the end of the suckling period, when others appeared. Genes involved in barrier function (CLDN1), pro-inflammatory response (CXCL2, IL6, IDO1), and stress hormone signaling (HSD11β1) over-expressed compared to their middle-weight littermates (P < 0.05). In conclusion, at birth and at the end of suckling period, light body weight piglets seem to have a compromised gene expression and therefore impaired nutrient absorption, immune and stress responses compared to their heavier littermates.     

犬瘟热病毒N蛋白基因融合蛋白原核表达条件的优化与蛋白纯化

[目的]提高犬瘟热病毒N蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中表达可溶性GST融合蛋白的含量.[方法]研究诱导剂(IPTG)的最佳加入时间、诱导剂(IPTG)浓度、诱导时间以及不同温度条件对GST - CDV N融合蛋白表达的影响,获得在大肠杆菌中的最佳的表达条件,然后再在最佳条件下大量的表达,用GST - Sepharose 4B亲和层析柱对GST - CDV N融合蛋白进行纯化,得到最大量的可溶性融合蛋白,并对蛋白含量进行测定.[结果]大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)转化菌在37℃培养3.5 h(OD600 =1.314)时,加入IPTG使终浓度为1 mmol/L,然后在27℃诱导8h,GST - CDV N融合蛋白可溶性表达量最高,达到0.862 mg/mL.[结论]确定了犬瘟热病毒N蛋白基因的优化表达条件,为犬瘟热病毒分子免疫学诊断和亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础.