藏北草原生态文明评价与发展趋势预测

对藏北典型区域那曲县进行了生态文明统计测度与评价,并对未来8年生态环境与经济协调程度进行预测,为藏北牧区生态文明建设提出对策与思路。采用生态模型评价的方法,在分析生态文明内涵、发展、描述、评估和评价的基础上,寻求了一组具有典型代表意义并能反映藏北牧区生态文明建设各方面要求的特征指标;以那曲县为例建立了评价指标体系,利用生态脆弱地区"生态环境-经济发展"系统评价模型对当地生态文明建设的现状和目标进行了定量判断。引用协调发展程度计算模型,采用灰色系统方法(GM(1,1)模型)对那曲地区过去及未来经济与生态环境协调发展程度进行计算并预测。结果表明:那曲县生态环境与经济相互协调发展程度相对较低,2001~2013年生态环境与经济发展处在初级协调发展类和勉强协调发展类之间,未来8年协调发展程度呈下滑态势。     

基于网络药理学分析白头翁汤治疗猪腹泻的作用机制

试验利用网络药理学研究方法尝试揭示白头翁汤治疗猪腹泻的活性成分、作用靶点及其基因功能、信号通路的机制。首先在中药系统药理学分析数据库中检索白头翁汤的所有化学成分、作用靶点,进而利用STRING、DAVID、NCBI数据库,Cytoscape软件构建化合物-靶点网络、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络、靶点-通路网络,研究白头翁汤治疗猪腹泻的作用机制。通过化合物的口服利用度和类药性筛选得出白头翁汤11个活性化合物,化合物-靶点网络结果显示,11个活性化合物含有63个相应靶点;白头翁汤作用于猪腹泻的PPI网络图包含45个靶点,主要靶点是雌激素受体1（estrogen receptor,ESR1）、CREB结合蛋白（CREB binding protein,CREBBP）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1（mitogen-activated protein kinase 1,MAPK1）、雄激素受体（androgen receptor,AR）等,与猪腹泻靶点基因直接相关的靶点是拓扑异构酶Ⅱβ（DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ,TOP2B）、ESR1、ESR2、糖皮质激素受体（glucocorticoid receptor,NR3C1）、AR和细胞核受体共激活剂2（nuclear receptor coactivator 2,NCOA2）;白头翁汤-猪腹泻PPI网络图关键靶点GO富集条目为5个,其中生物过程、分子功能、细胞组成相关的条目分别有3、1、1个;白头翁汤作用于猪腹泻PPI网络图KEGG信号通路有1条。白头翁汤可能主要通过金鱼草素、掌叶防己碱、8-异戊烯基二氢茆酚-7-葡糖苷、延胡索乙素、足叶草脂素、黄麻苷和8-羟基松脂醇等调控TOP2B、ESR1、ESR2、NR3C1、AR和NCOA2等靶点,基因功能富集于磷脂酶C激活G蛋白偶联受体信号通路、腺苷酸环化酶激活肾上腺素能受体信号通路、DNA模板转录、类固醇结合、细胞膜的组成部分,以及通过KEGG信号通路中神经活性的配体-受体相互作用信号通路来治疗猪腹泻。     

复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层土壤酶活性的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了不同种植密度与施氮量条件下,复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层(0~15 cm)土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,麦收后复种饲料油菜能显著或极显著地提高土壤过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(APHA)、纤维素酶(CEL)和脲酶(URA)的活性,与休闲熟化地(CK)比较,最大提高幅度分别为32.15%,35.61%,78.66%和127.36%。土壤酶活性的变化与复种饲料油菜的播种量和施氮量有关,随播种量的增加土壤CAT、CEL和URA活性表现为逐渐递增态势,而土壤APHA表现为先增后减,播种量为11.5 kg/hm2时,APHA活性可达0.7888mg/g。在油菜生长的苗期,土壤APHA、CEL和URA随施氮量的增加而增加,土壤CAT则随施氮量的增加先增后降,呈单峰曲线;在生长后期(收获期),低氮量有利于土壤APHA活性的增加,中氮量有利于土壤CAT和CEL活性的增加,高氮量有利于URA活性的增加。     

行内疏枝和生长延缓剂对紫花苜蓿种子产量与发芽率的影响

针对紫花苜蓿种子生产中因播种量高、密度大、造成种子产量低的问题。2001～2002年,在甘肃酒泉进行行内疏枝与生长延缓剂(多效唑(PP333)和烯效唑(S3307))对种子产量影响的两个试验,并测定种子标准发芽率。结果表明,与未疏枝相比,秋季行内疏枝后,生殖枝密度和荚果的败育种子数降低23.8%和55.6%,生殖枝结荚花序数提高28.1%,种子产量由563.8提高到763.3kg/hm²,增产35.4%(P<0.05);秋季行内疏枝,翌年分枝期叶面喷施多效唑和烯效唑可以有效抑制植株生长,其中以烯效唑有效成分含量0.15和0.20kg/hm²的效果较为明显,收获期株高较对照分别降低19.4%和17.8%,而每个结荚花序的荚果数提高16.5%和25.3%(P<0.05)。与对照(640.4kg/hm²)相比,喷施多效唑和烯效唑后,种子呈增产趋势,其中多效唑(有效成分含量1.0kg/hm²)幅度最大,增产39.1%;烯效唑0.15和0.20kg/hm²处理,种子硬实率较对照分别降低7%和6%;烯效唑有效成分含量0.10kg/hm²处理,硬实率较对照提高7%(P<0.05);对于植株密度过大的种子田,行内疏枝是提高产量的关键,否则只用生长延缓剂控制株高,提高种子产量的幅度不大。     

苜蓿和沙打旺苗期需水及其根冠比

研究苜蓿和沙打旺苗期水分利用与根冠比例。结果表明,沙打旺叶片对土壤水分的瞬时利用效率均高于苜蓿。沙打旺地下部与地上部生物量比和根长/株高比在不同水分条件下亦高于苜蓿,尤其在低水分时。在高水分下苜蓿单位水分消耗所形成的生物量较多,随着土壤含水量的降低而大幅度减少。苜蓿具有较高的蒸腾速率和较快的根系生长速率,因而造成土壤水分的过快消耗。总之,高水分生长条件易于苜蓿生产效率的发挥,但沙打旺对土壤水分环境变化的稳定性较强。结合多年的研究成果和黄土丘陵区的实际情况,提出在不同立地条件下,沙打旺可以种植在该地区的坡地,而苜蓿则应在水分条件相对较好的川地种植。     

儿茶素的药理作用研究综述

目的研究表儿茶素(EC)对小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)炎症反应的调节作用。方法采用吸入式气管滴注法在BALB/c小鼠中建立ALI模型,H8LE染色观察肺组织病理学变化,并结合基于超高效液相色谱与四极杆—飞行时间质谱联用技术(HILIC UHPLC-Q-TOF MS)的非靶向代谢组学方法对小鼠肺组织进行研究。结果对比空白对照组,LPS处理后的小鼠肺组织发生严重的炎症变化,而EC预处理组炎症现象比LPS组轻。经肺组织代谢轮廓分析发现：二十羟基花生四烯酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、ATP、磷酸胆碱、二十碳四烯酸、磷酸、烯醇和二磷酸葡萄糖等差异物与小鼠急性肺损伤内源性代谢密切相关,且涉及甘油酯代谢、糖酵解、甘油磷脂代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成、抗坏血酸代谢和胆碱代谢等6条代谢路径。结论运用代谢组学方法探讨了EC干预小鼠ALI的差异代谢物变化情况,为表儿茶素抗炎特性的研究提供了理论依据。     

Influence of paricalcitol on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To investigate the effect of paricalcitol (P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN).METHODS: DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after fasting. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups:the DN rats in paricalcitol-intervened group (group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg (3 times a week); the DN rats in DN group (group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol. Normal control group (group C) was also set up. The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks. The biochemical indexes were measured. The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4, β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS: (1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (2) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis increased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (3) The expression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05). (4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.     

Effect of eleutheroside B/E on proliferation and expression of PPARγ and TGF-β1 in HBZY-1 cells cultured with high glucose

AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of eleutheroside (ETS) B or E on the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells treated with high glucose. METHODS: The HBZY-1 cells were cultured under high glucose condition. The 4th generation of HBZY-1 cells was used for determining the optimal cell density, which was consistent with the growth regulation curve of the cells. The cells were divided into 6 groups: low glucose (LG) group, high glucose (HG) group, high glucose plus ETS-B/E (low dose, medium dose and high dose) groups, and high glucose plus losartan (LTG) group. After all cells were treated with the corresponding drugs at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the inhibitory rate of the proliferation was measured, and the expression of TGF-β1 and PPARγ was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: The best cell density was 2 000 cells/well, which was complied with the basic rules of the cell growth, and high glucose significantly promoted the HBZY-1 cell proliferation. At each time point, the inhibitory effects of ETS-B/E were significantly different between HG group and LTG group on the proliferation of the HBZY-1 cells (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly inhibited, and the expression of PPARγ was significantly promoted by ETS-B/E (P<0.05). ETS-E showed stronger effect than ETS-B (P<0.05) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: ETS-B/E significantly inhibits the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells under high glucose condition by decreasing TGF-β1 expression and promoting PPARγ expression.     

干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白1对猪源冠状病毒吸附宿主细胞的影响

为探索干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白1（interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1,IFITM1）对猪源冠状病毒复制的影响,本研究选用猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（Transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV）高致病毒株及其宿主细胞PK15作为研究对象。正常PK15细胞接种TGEV后,实时荧光定量PCR检测感染后不同时间点PK15细胞中一些干扰素刺激基因（interferon-stimulated genes,ISGs）的mRNA表达水平;利用慢病毒表达系统构建稳定表达和稳定干扰IFITM1表达的PK15细胞系。将一段靶向干扰猪源IFITM1的shRNA序列及猪源IFITM1全长,分别插入pLKO.1-EGFP-Puro载体及pLVML-Myc-MCS-IRES-Puro载体中,分别构建出pLKO.1-IFITM1shRNA-EGFP-Puro及pLVML-Myc-IFITM1-IRES-Puro重组质粒。将重组质粒与慢病毒包装质粒共转染293FT细胞后获得带有目的基因的重组慢病毒,慢病毒侵染PK15细胞后用嘌呤霉素进行筛选,获得稳定表达及稳定干扰IFITM1表达的PK15细胞系,分别命名为PK15-IFITM1及PK15-IFITM1^-/-,并分别用实时荧光定量PCR、间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）及Western blotting检测IFITM1干扰效率及表达情况;TGEV接种PK15-IFITM1^-/-和PK15-IFITM1,实时荧光定量PCR测定细胞中TGEV的拷贝数。结果显示,PK15细胞接种TGEV后的48 h内,一些ISGs的mRNA水平均有所上升;PK15-IFITM1^-/-细胞系的干扰效率为70%,PK15-IFITM1细胞系表达成功;在PK15-IFITM1^-/-细胞系中,IFITM1的mRNA水平显著下调,促进了TGEV的复制。反之,在PK15-IFITM1细胞系中,TGEV的复制受到了抑制。但IFITM1的表达或缺失却不影响TGEV对PK15的吸附作用。总之,IFITM1对TGEV有显著的抗病毒作用,IFITM1不影响TGEV对PK15细胞的早期吸附,这为后续IFITM1抗冠状病毒机制的研究奠定了基础。