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41.
Motoo KOITABASHI Masataka IWANO Seiya TSUSHIMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(2):183-188
Microorganisms isolated from wheat leaf surfaces were screened for inhibition of wheat powdery mildew. A new screening method,
in which wheat leaves were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and incubated with the cultured microorganisms under non-contact conditions, was developed in the present study. Using this
method, 10 phylloplane fungi that inhibited wheat powdery mildew were selected from 408 microorganisms isolated from wheat
leaf surfaces. Among these 10 strains, a fungus designated as Kyu-W63 had an especially strong inhibitory effect. Kyu-W63
produced white colonies without spores when cultivated on PDA. Kyu-W63 had a strong aromatic odor when being cultured. Wheat
powdery mildew was suppressed even though a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm was placed between the mycelial colony
and wheat leaf segment. However, when activated charcoal was introduced, Kyu-W63 did not inhibit growth of B. graminis. It was presumed that volatile substances were involved in the inhibitory effect of Kyu-W63. GC-MS analysis was used to identify
two substances produced by Kyu-W63 with molecular weights of 164 and 166. Kyu-W63 also inhibited the in vitro growth of four plant pathogenic fungi other than B. graminis.
Received 19 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 7 February 2002 相似文献
42.
Takeshi SHINOGI Tomoko SUZUKI Yoshihiro NARUSAKA Pyoyun PARK 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):38-45
The rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), called the oxidative burst, is one of the earliest host responses to
pathogen infection or elicitor treatments. Therefore, we looked for the induction of ROS generation in Japanese pear leaves
by the host-specific toxin, AK-toxin I using a cytochemical method for detecting H2O2. A small amount of non-specific generation of H2O2 was found in the cell walls in toxin- and water-treated susceptible and resistant leaves. Thus, the generation of H2O2 at cell walls appears to be caused by wounding stress during sampling. Specific generation of ROS, however, was found only
in the membrane fragments and extended desmotubules characteristic of modified sites of the plasma membrane in the toxin-treated
susceptible leaves. In addition, generation of H2O2 at plasma membranes was observed with higher frequency in toxin-treated susceptible leaves. This result indicates that the
H2O2 generation was associated with damaged sites in the plasmalemma after toxin treatment and perhaps with the formation of membrane
fragments from altered portions of the invaginated plasma membrane.
Received 21 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 25 October 2001 相似文献
43.
44.
Hitomi NAKABAYASHI Yasuyuki YAMAJI Satoshi KAGIWADA Masashi UGAKI Shigetou NAMBA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(2):173-176
The complete nucleotide sequence was determined for genomic RNA of White clover mosaic virus (WClMV-RC) isolated from red clover (Trifolium pratense) in Japan, It is 5843 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus. Similar to other potexviruses,
it contains five open reading frames (ORFs 1 through 5), which putatively encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (147
kDa), a triple gene block (TGB) (26 kDa/13 kDa/7 kDa), and a coat protein (CP) (22 kDa), respectively. The deduced amino acid
sequence of the WClMV-RC CP was identical to that of WClMV-O, one of two New Zealand isolates, but only 85% identical to that
of WClMV-M, the other New Zealand isolate, because of heterogeneity in the C-termini of CP amino acid sequences. The implication
of this CP heterogeneity is discussed.
Received 30 August 2001/ Accepted in revised form 11 January 2002 相似文献
45.
阿维菌素对十字花科蔬菜主要害虫的生物活性及防治小菜蛾、菜青虫的田间应用研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
室内毒力测定表明,阿维菌素对菜青虫、小菜蛾、菜蚜有很高的毒力,LC50分别为0.022、0.12和0.28 mg/L;对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的毒力较差,LC50分别为67.56和165.73 mg/L。阿维菌素不影响小菜蛾卵的孵化率。小菜蛾幼虫随虫龄增大,对阿维菌素的敏感性下降。田间试验表明,阿维菌素4 mg/L和8 mg/L对菜青虫和小菜蛾的防效在95%以上,持效期10~15 d。阿维菌素与高效氯氰菊酯(1∶6)、与杀虫单(1∶299)复配对小菜蛾防治有显著的增效作用和良好的田间效果。 相似文献
46.
对山西菜田捕食性食蚜蝇优势种及对菜蚜的控制效果进行了研究,菜田常见捕食性食蚜蝇有黑带食蚜蝇,大灰食蚜蝇,斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇,野食蚜蝇,四条小食蚜蝇,短翅细腹食蚜蝇6种,以黑带食蚜蝇种群数量最大,平均占全年发生总量的36.3%,通过对食蚜蝇产卵量,卵化率,幼虫期捕食量和羽化率测试,筛选出的黑带食蚜蝇,大灰食蚜蝇,斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇幼虫对菜蚜均有较强的捕食能力,其中黑带食蚜蝇为山西菜田菜蚜捕食性食蚜蝇优势种,用黑带食蚜蝇三龄幼虫对菜蚜进行防治试验,结果以1:180防效最佳,72h后控制效果达93.5%。 相似文献
47.
48.
辣椒疫病发病主导因素及综合防治技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过3a在多年辣椒重茬地的田间试验及调查研究,基本明确了辣椒疫病发生与灌水方法、栽培方式、降水、中心病株的出现等主导因素的关系。提出了栽培防病、化学治疗的综防技术,达到控病增产的目的。 相似文献
49.
50.
Bérénice Agnola Stéphane Boury Claudie Monot Anne Quillévéré Yves Hervé Drissa Silué 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(5):471-478
A rapid resistance/susceptibility test for Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) was established by inoculating leaf-disks of four Brassica oleracea accessions. Several conditions were tested: disk disinfection or not, agar medium with or without nutrients and with 50 or 100 ppm of benzimidazole. Using disinfected disks placed on agar (no nutrient and benzimidazole at 50 or 100 ppm), the responses of leaf-disks to four isolates were similar to those obtained using the classical cotyledon test, whereas undesired contaminations occurred in all other conditions. The possible effect of the particular leaf used for obtaining the disks was also studied. In each incompatible interaction tested, disks were resistant whatever the leaf used. In compatible interactions, susceptible phenotypes were observed on disks derived from the six lowest leaves, but disks from upper leaves were resistant. The genetic basis of resistance in a F1 hybrid broccoli was assessed, by testing six isolates on an F2 population derived from this hybrid. The cotyledon test only allows inoculation of two isolates per seedling, whereas many isolates can be tested on each plant by using leaf-disks. The segregation of the resistance to each of the six isolates was analysed: two dominant genes (tightly linked) control resistance to all isolates (one to five isolates; the other to only one isolate). 相似文献