N，N’-二（5-溴亚水杨基）-2，6-吡啶二氨及其配合物对水稻幼苗作用的研究

用光度法测定了N,N’-二（5-溴亚水杨基）-2,6-吡啶二氨及其配合物对水稻幼苗细胞存活率、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物歧化酶（POD）活力的影响。结果表明：配合物浓度在1～10mg／L时,水稻幼苗细胞存活率均高于125％,且对SOD和POD酶有激活作用。     

基于灰色马尔可夫模型的农业用水量预测

将灰色GM(1,1)模型和马尔可夫模型结合,构建灰色马尔可夫预测模型.按特定的状态划分方法,先用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测,再用马尔可夫模型对预测结果进行优化,使预测精度大大提高.最后以辽河流域某典型区为例,预测结果证明了该模型的优势.     

构建植被区分阴影消除植被指数提取山地植被信息

山地植被信息在气候变化研究和生态环境保护等方面发挥着重要作用,遥感技术能够快速获取山地植被信息,但是存在山地地形阴影的影响以及山地植被信息混淆问题。该文以山地植被为研究对象,基于Landsat卫星遥感影像多光谱数据,分析山地植被的主要特点,借鉴阴影消除植被指数（shadow eliminated vegetation index,SEVI）的构造原理及形式,提出了一种适用于山地植被覆盖遥感监测的植被指数算法—植被区分阴影消除植被指数（vegetation distinguished and shadow eliminated vegetation index,VDSEVI）。研究结果表明：相对于已有的其他植被指数,VDSEVI较好地消除了地形阴影的影响;VDSEVI的信息量大,植被覆盖的识别能力较强,较好地解决了植被信息混淆问题,能够更好地反映山地植被覆盖情况。不同土地覆盖类型的VDSEVI存在显著差异;阴影稀疏林地和相邻非阴影稀疏林地的相对误差较小,为3.428%;各土地覆盖类型样本VDSEVI标准差均小于0.06;植被覆盖样本VDSEVI与太阳入射角余弦值（cosi）的相关系数为?0.800。为验证VDSEVI在其他地区的适用性,将VDSEVI应用于内蒙古阿尔山和福州市闽侯县,结果表明VDSEVI同样适用。新疆那拉提、内蒙古阿尔山和福州市闽侯县3个区域基于VDSEVI阈值法的植被信息提取总体精度分别为84.136%、87.339%、86.709%,Kappa系数分别为0.799、0.788、0.791。     

透气隔水埋体对土壤水分入渗与溶质运移的影响

为分析透气隔水(弱透水)埋体促进水分入渗与溶质运移功效,开展了不同容重(1.40,1.45,1.50,1.60 g/cm~3)透气隔水(弱透水)埋体的一维垂直土柱入渗试验,分析了不同容重的透气隔水(弱透水)埋体对土壤水分入渗与溶质分布的影响。结果表明,透气隔水(弱透水)埋体能够增加土壤累积入渗量,推动湿润锋运移,在一定范围内,随着透气隔水(弱透水)埋体容重增加,湿润锋推进速度与土壤入渗率均增加。600 min时,土壤累积入渗量相对增加7.42%～29.17%,湿润锋深度达到27 cm,入渗时间相对减少26.97%～64.27%。相比于对照组,不同容重的透气隔水(弱透水)埋体均能降低溶质向深层土壤迁移数量。Philip模型和代数模型均能描述透气隔水(弱透水)埋体土壤水分入渗过程,且Philip模型中吸渗率S和代数模型中综合形状系数α均与透气隔水(弱透水)埋体内外容重比呈正相关关系。研究结果表明透气隔水(弱透水)埋体能够通过改变上层土壤吸力分布提高水分入渗能力与溶质传输效率,实现对城市雨水径流调控和净化。     

Screening of diverse cassava genotypes based on nitrogen uptake efficiency and yield

As one of the top three tuber crops of the world, cassava is a staple food and feed crop for tropical and subtropical regions. Because of its high drought resistance and tolerance to nutrient deficiency, cassava is usually cultivated on hilly areas that are nutrient-poor. Nitrogen(N) is one of the significant factors affecting cassava yield. A double factorial(N level×genotypes) split-plot field experiment was conducted to analyze differences in yield and N accumulation of 25 cassava genotypes under low-N conditions to screen for cassava genotypes with high-N efficiency. The two-year field experiment showed that cassava yield and N accumulation are determined by specific genotypes, soil N levels, and year. Among these factors, soil N levels are the main factors that are responsible for differences in cassava yield. When yield and relative N accumulation under low-N conditions were used as screening markers, we identified an efficient and responsive genotype(SC10), and two inefficient and non-responsive genotypes(SC205 and GR5). The efficient and responsive genotype and the inefficient and non-responsive genotype can be used as study materials to further reveal the mechanisms for high-N efficiency in cassava.     

Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Shetland Ponies: A Description of a Three-Point Injection Technique and Evaluation of Potential Analgesic Effects

Colic surgery is one of the most painful procedures carried out in horses. Common strategies to alleviate immediate postsurgical abdominal pain include the administration of potent systemic analgesics; however, these may cause unwanted adverse effects such as cardiovascular depression, ileus, and ataxia. The administration of local anesthetics at the incision site in form of an ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block may therefore be preferred to provide adequate analgesia without significant side effects. To date, no technique for a TAP block in horses undergoing median celiotomy has been described. The objective of the study was to develop a TAP block technique, which will lead to the desensitization of the ventrolateral abdominal wall and adjacent skin area of experimental Shetland Ponies using bupivacaine 0.125%. This is a prospective, blinded, self-controlled trial. A cadaver study was performed to determine the ideal injection points and the volume required to stain the nerves responsible for the sensation of the ventrolateral abdominal wall and skin in Shetland pony cadavers (i.e., T9–L 2). Subsequently, using the ideal injectate volume and the landmarks obtained in the first phase of the study, six Shetland ponies received a bilateral TAP injection, either with a local anesthetic solution (bupivacaine 0.125%) or with saline in a randomized, crossover, blinded fashion. Effectiveness was determined over a 4 hour postinjection time, by using a pinprick technique. Significant differences were found to the responses of the pinprick evaluation between the bupivacaine- and saline-treated sides after 30 minutes of TAP block injection. Reported “learned behavior” could have affected the results of the pinprick testing. The TAP block technique reported in this study using bupivacaine 0.125% appeared effective in desensitizing the lower abdomen of ponies for up to 2 hours. Further research is required to apply this technique in horses undergoing celiotomy. Potentially larger volumes and/or higher concentrations of bupivacaine may be necessary to provide longer duration of action of the block.     

不同基因型的青菜、白菜耐镉性差异研究

通过溶液培养,对重金属镉(Cd)处理下不同品种的青菜和白菜地上部可食部分的生物量以及对镉的吸收和积累特点进行了比较研究.结果表明:在50μmol/L的Cd处理下,青菜和白菜的生长均受到不同程度的抑制作用,其地上部的生物量均显著低于对照,青菜对Cd具有较强的敏感性,其相对生物量均下降到对照的50%以下,白菜对Cd的耐性高于青菜;镉处理下,不同品种的青菜和白菜对镉的吸收积累具有显著性差异,青菜单位重量的Cd含量明显高于白菜;对青菜和白菜进行了镉耐性和敏感性品种筛选,为无公害蔬菜的种植及镉污染土壤的植物修复提供理论参考.     

四翅滨藜播种育苗试验研究

通过不同药剂处理四翅滨黎,并进行播种育苗试验,结果表明,对种子的萌芽影响大小顺序依次为:0.5%碧护>0.0033%赤霉素>0.005% ATP3>0.005% GGR生根粉=0.2%磷酸二氢钾>清水对照;采用浓度为0.5%碧护和0.0033%赤霉素处理种子,可显著提高种子发芽率;采用浓度为0.005% GGR和0.005% ATP3生根粉浸种对苗木生长有显著促进作用.     

苹果园春季土施尿素的利用及其在土壤中的累积

 以7年生嘎拉苹果/平邑甜茶为试材, 利用¹⁵N示踪技术, 研究了苹果生产体系中氮素年周期 的利用、残留、损失及在土壤中的迁移动态。结果表明, 对春季土施尿素的利用率盛花期较低, 为11.38% , 至采收后达到最高。土壤氮素残留率盛花期最高, 为57.10% , 果实采后残留率最低。年周期中各土层氮素残留量不同, 盛花期20～40 cm土层残留量最高, 采收后最低, 0～20 cm土层在新梢旺长期残留量最高, 果实成熟期最低, 而40～60 cm土层在果实膨大期残留量达到最高, 在采收后0～20 cm土层残留有所增加, 其余各土层残留量均达到最低值。氮素损失与土壤残留呈相反的变化趋势, 氮素损失率在盛花期最低为31.53% , 随物候期的推迟逐渐升高, 在果实采后高达58.40%     

Higher than optimum temperature under CO2 enrichment influences stomata anatomical characters in rose (Rosa hybrida)

There is little available information on the effects of temperature and CO₂ enrichment on stomata anatomical characteristics of plants. Effect of these two microclimates was studied on five rose (Rosa spp.) cultivars, viz. ‘First Red’ (used as check), ‘Arjun’, ‘Raktima’, ‘Raktagandha’ and ‘Pusa Pitamber’. Budded, single-stemmed rose cultivars having five lateral buds were grown in controlled environment growth cabinets under enriched CO₂ (1000 μmol mol⁻¹) and optimum (28/18 °C, T₀) or high (35/25 °C, T₁) temperature for 50 days. All observations were made on the abaxial leaf surface. Significant increases in stomatal density (68.7%), index (29.6%) and epidermal cell density (37.3%) were recorded in plants grown at high temperature over control with CO₂ enrichment. The cultivars responded differently in terms of length and width of guard cell and stoma (pore) under high temperature, however, the values averaged over treatments showed a significant reduction in these parameters. Further, number of stomata per leaf was higher (28.3%) in plants grown at high temperature, except First Red. A reduction in mean leaf area (26.7%) and dry mass (32.0%) was recorded at high rather than optimum temperature. The specific leaf area was maximum in Arjun (87%) while in First Red, a 14% reduction was noted at high temperature.