基于BLUP和GGE双标图的华北落叶松家系区域试验分析

【目的】为综合评价华北落叶松参试家系的速生丰产性、稳定性及各试验地点的区分力和代表性,利用基因型主效加基因型-环境互作效应(GGE)双标图对2017年度华北落叶松区域试验中参试家系的生长数据进行分析。【方法】基于冀北地区4个试验地点26个华北落叶松家系的胸径数据,首先拟合3个线性混合效应模型,各个模型均具有相同的固定效应(“地点”和“地点中的区组”)和残差方差结构(行、列自回归AR1×AR1,以进行空间分析),其中,模型1为随机效应中包含2个公因子的因子分析模型(FA模型),模型2、3分别为随机效应里不含测量误差以及包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型);基于AIC信息准则选出一个最优模型,之后利用最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)法得到各家系在各地点的胸径BLUP数据;基于胸径BLUP数据做GGE双标图分析,对华北落叶松家系和试验地点进行评价。【结果】基于AIC信息准则,模型3(空间变异结合包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型))被选为最优模型;基于胸径BLUP数据的GGE双标图的前2个主成分的方差解释百分比之和为92.4%,表明结果可靠;4个试验地点被分成2组,地点L1(张家口赤城马营沟)、地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)和地点L4(承德围场查字)为一组(以111号家系的胸径最大),地点L2(承德围场御道口)为一组(以78号家系的胸径最大),相对而言,地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)能更有效地选择速生丰产且稳定的家系;各家系在不同试验地点上的表现有所不同,总体而言,26个华北落叶松家系中,111号的胸径(产量)最大,接着是78、72、82、76、59、100、77、56、86、96等系号,胸径(产量)最小的是1号,97、116、53、35、46、66和49号等家系的胸径(产量)也较低,68和42号家系的胸径(产量)接近总体均值;96、86、100和76号是速生丰产且稳定的家系,速生丰产家系111、72、56号的稳定性居中,速生丰产家系78、82和77号的稳定性中等偏下,而速生丰产家系59号则不稳定。【结论】模型3(空间变异结合包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型))较另外2个模型而言,结果更为可靠。地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)既具高区分力,又具高代表性,能更有效地评价家系。家系96、86、100和76号兼具速生性、丰产性和稳定性,可被广泛推广。基于BLUP的GGE双标图能有效应用于华北落叶松家系及试验地点的评价,本研究可为冀北地区华北落叶松的家系选择和应用提供决策支持。     

土壤样品中~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb活度分析比对研究

本文介绍了国际原子能机构(IAEA)组织的5个土壤样品中137Cs和210Pb活度分析的国际比对结果。本实验室比对用HPGe低本底γ谱仪对土壤样品进行测量,用LabSOCS(Laboratory Sourceless Calibration Software)进行系统无源效率刻度。通过IAEA的评价指标对结果进行评价表明,所测定的5个土壤样品中137Cs和210Pb活度结果都满足达标的要求,成功通过了IAEA的比对。IAEA公布的所有参加的18个实验室的比对结果显示,137Cs活度测定结果有82%的实验室属可接受,而210Pb活度测定结果只有33%的实验室属可接受。对这次国际比对总结分析经验和不足:137Cs与210Pb相比,其分析不确定性相对小,分析误差容易控制;210Pb是土壤中本身存在的放射性核素,其穿透能力较低,受土壤母质和本底的影响,其分析误差不容易控制。     

Serologically defined Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larval antigens in BmLF3, a partially pure Sephacryl S-300 fraction of crude larval proteins

This report is designed to provide additional information regarding larval soluble proteins toward the planned development of a comprehensive database of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus proteins that elicit a humoral immune response in cattle as a result of natural ectoparasite infestation. Larval proteins of R. microplus are complex and the protein profile is not dominated by any major proteins. This report focuses upon an S-300 Sephacryl (molecular sieve) column fraction, fraction 3 (BmLF3). With the use of SDS-PAGE (without-2ME) and Western blotting with a composite pool of pre- and post-R. microplus larval infestation antiserum BmLF3 was found to contain 7 apparent common ixodid major antigens (207.3, 171.9, 98.0, 86.5, 65.7, 58.9, and 38.0 kDa), those potentially shared with other ixodid species, and 2 apparent R. microplus specific antigens evidenced by low-level antibody binding in crude BmLF3 (149.4 kDa) and HPLC peak 8 of BmLF3 (116.0 kDa). In addition, BmLF3 contains potent inhibitors of trypsin activity. However, these inhibitors of trypsin did not appear to elicit host antibodies as a result of natural ectoparasite exposure, as defined by Western blotting of reduced and denatured trypsin binding proteins purified by affinity chromatography.     

FCV-VBS isolated from cats with typical symptoms caused VSD in experimental cats

Commercially available vaccines have been used widely to prevent feline calicivirus infection (FCI). However, with their widespread use, field strains, which are weakly cross-reactive with the live-virus vaccine strain F9, have posed the problem of vaccine breakdown. Recently the existence of FCV—associated virulent systemic disease (VSD) has been published. But their molecular diversity, antigenic mutations and physicochemical property have not been sufficiently clarified. Thus, we experimentally gave the vaccine breakdown strain (VBS) H10 to cats that had been inoculated with an F9 live vaccine. After the administration of strain H10, vaccinated cats (1 through 4) had no respiratory symptoms, whereas the non-vaccinated cat 5 showed clinical symptoms such as a fever of over 40°C, loss of vitality, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and nasal discharge after receiving strain H10, and died. Lethal FCV is rare, and may be a virulent systemic disease (VSD)—inducing strain. This is the initial report on VSD in Japan. It has been reported that symptoms of VSD were similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated cats on experimental infection. However, no VSD-like symptoms developed, and the incidence of the disease varied depending on the presence or absence of vaccination, suggesting that there are two mechanisms of vaccine breakdown: one is associated with the vaccine immunity level, and the other is not. The characteristics of the VBS revealed were: (1) the duration of virus excretion was short when the originally carried antibody titer before virus challenge was high, (2) the excreted viral molecular species varied daily, not being limited to a specific species with time, and (3) the acquired physicochemical properties did not persist, and altered daily. FCV-VBS alters the molecular species and physicochemical properties daily due to the reduction of host immunity, which may lead to VSD.     

Validating a Time Series of Annual Grass Percent Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem

We mapped yearly (2000–2016) estimates of annual grass percent cover for much of the sagebrush ecosystem of the western United States using remotely sensed, climate, and geophysical data in regression-tree models. Annual grasses senesce and cure by early summer and then become beds of fine fuel that easily ignite and spread fire through rangeland systems. Our annual maps estimate the extent of these fuels and can serve as a tool to assist land managers and scientists in understanding the ecosystem’s response to weather variations, disturbances, and management. Validating the time series of annual maps is important for determining the usefulness of the data. To validate these maps, we compare Bureau of Land Management Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) data to mapped estimates and use a leave-one-out spatial assessment technique that is effective for validating maps that cover broad geographical extents. We hypothesize that the time series of annual maps exhibits high spatiotemporal variability because precipitation is highly variable in arid and semiarid environments where sagebrush is native, and invasive annual grasses respond to precipitation. The remotely sensed data that help drive our regression-tree model effectively measures annual grasses’ response to precipitation. The mean absolute error (MAE) rate varied depending on the validation data and technique used for comparison. The AIM plot data and our maps had substantial spatial incongruence, but despite this, the MAE rate for the assessment equaled 12.62%. The leave-one-out accuracy assessment had an MAE of 8.43%. We quantified bias, and bias was more substantial at higher percent cover. These annual maps can help management identify actions that may alleviate the current cycle of invasive grasses because it enables the assessment of the variability of annual grass ? percent cover distribution through space and time, as part of dynamic systems rather than static systems.     

基于四环素调控系统构建白蛋白启动子调控大鼠uPA转基因表达的慢病毒载体

基于四环素调控系统构建白蛋白(albumin,Alb)启动子调控大鼠uPA(urokinase-type plasminogen activator,ruPA)转基因肝特异性过表达的慢病毒载体pLVX-Alb-TetOne-TRE-ruPA-T2A-CopGFP(pLATTRUTG)。以CTG0875-2-11质粒为模板,PCR扩增大鼠的uPA(ruPA)基因,3’端添加Flag标签,In-Fusion克隆至pLVX-Alb-TetOne-TRE-T2A-CopGFP(pLATTTG)质粒中,得到慢病毒载体pLVX-Alb-TetOne-TRE-ruPA-T2A-CopGFP(pLATTRUTG),所构建质粒经测序和酶切鉴定。将pLATTRUTG瞬时转染293T细胞,转染后24 h倒置荧光显微镜检测CopGFP表达;接着向6孔细胞培养板内加入强力霉素(Doxycycline,Dox),48 h后在倒置荧光显微镜下观察CopGFP表达(包括未加Dox的孔),随后收集细胞以提取总RNA和总蛋白,用于RT-qPCR检测ruPA及报告基因表达和Western blot检测标签蛋白Flag表达。酶切和测序确证我们成功构建了慢病毒载体pLATTRUTG;瞬转293T细胞后,24 h倒置荧光显微镜下可见零星细胞(约占0.1%)发弱的绿色荧光,加Dox 48 h后所有细胞展现强的绿色荧光,而不加Dox的孔内仍然只见到零星细胞(约占0.1%)发弱的绿色荧光。RT-qPCR和Western blot检测结果显示,与不加Dox的细胞相比,加Dox的细胞中ruPA、报告基因CopGFP和Flag表达水平显著升高。结果提示,成功基于四环素调控系统构建Alb启动子调控大鼠uPA转基因表达的慢病毒载体pLATTRUTG,为相关后续实验奠定了基础。     

Effect of contrast media formulation on computed tomography angiographic contrast enhancement.

The characteristics of contrast media formulation (mgI/ml, osmolarity, and viscosity) are generally not considered important in computed tomography (CT) angiography in animals. The purpose of this study was to assess the contrast effect in CT angiography as a function of contrast media formulation, with a constant iodine dose. The contrast effects of three contrast media with different iodine concentrations were compared by administering identical iodine dosages (mgI/kg). The contrast effects of the three contrast media differed, and the area under the time-attenuation curve of iohexol 350 mgI/ml, which had the highest iodine concentration, was the lowest. It was hypothesized that the contrast effect of a contrast medium decreases with higher iodine concentration because of the high amount of residual iodine present in the circulatory system from the injection site to the portion immediately before the great vessels. In addition, the influence of osmotic dilution on contrast media with high osmolarity was also considered. In conclusion, the contrast effect varies with different contrast media formulations, even when the same iodine dosage is administered.     

硒对山羊子宫内膜淋巴细胞体外活化作用及对其分泌细胞因子的影响

分离妊娠山羊子宫内膜淋巴细胞(Endometrial lymphocyte,EML)后,分别加入4、8、12、16 mg/L的亚硒酸钠进行体外培养,探讨硒对EML的活化作用及其对分泌细胞因子IL-2I、L-4、TGFβ1及TGFβ2的影响。结果显示,8~16 mg/L的亚硒酸钠可显著地促进山羊EML的体外活化(P<0.01),并呈剂量依赖性。EML活化后,对IL-2的分泌呈微弱的促进作用;对IL-4、TGFβ1、TGFβ2的分泌有显著的促进作用。