水芹的组织培养及快速繁殖研究

[目的]更好保护野生植物资源水芹,并为其人工栽培提供依据。[方法]以水芹嫩茎为外植体,研究水芹愈伤组织的诱导和分化及试管苗生根、移栽、扦插的条件。[结果]MS+BA0.5 mg/L+NAA1 mg/L是诱导水芹嫩茎形成具有分化能力愈伤组织的最佳培养基。MS+AgNO30.4 mg/L+BA0.2 mg/L是诱导水芹愈伤组织和不定芽分化的最佳培养基。1/3 MS+IAA0.6 mg/L是水芹不定芽生根培养和生根继代培养的最佳培养基。以炉灰渣为试管苗的移栽扦插基质,移栽成活率为99%,扦插成活率为94%。移栽和扦插的水芹试管苗具有生长快和长势旺的特点,90 d收获的鲜食茎叶比野生水芹增产15%,根系为野生植株的2倍。[结论]在生产上,应采用试管苗生根继代培养的方法进行水芹的快速繁殖。     

东北野生香薷挥发油香味成分分析及在卷烟中的应用

为研究东北野生香薷不同部位化学成分的差异及其挥发油对卷烟感官质量的影响,采用同时蒸馏萃取法分别提取东北野生香薷花（籽）、叶、茎中的挥发油,GC—MS技术分析并比较不同部位挥发性成分的差异。由峰面积归一化法分析可知,挥发油的主要成分是香薷酮、去氢香薷酮,它们在花中含量分别为19．93％,57．19％;叶中含量为20．39％,50．31％;茎中含量为18．02％,44．68％。将所得挥发油加入单料烟,对加料前后的卷烟进行感官质量评价,结果显示添加挥发油可提高烟气柔顺、细腻程度,并呈现出独特的清香气息。     

基于时间温度积分器将手工烹饪转变为自动烹饪的方法

烹饪自动化是烹饪研究的主要目的,而当前没有建立在科学基础上的编写自动烹饪程序的方法。通过对已建立的烹饪传热学和动力学数学模型进行全面参数分析,发现手工烹饪中唯一的无法直接参数化为自动烹饪参数的是搅拌。基于此,建立了将手工烹饪转变为自动烹饪的的方法,即将手工烹饪操作参数化,预设并调整搅拌参数,测定2种烹饪的受热程度指标,直到2种烹饪得到菜品的品质达到一致。而时间温度积分器（time-temperature integrators,TTIs）技术,是测定烹饪的受热程度的严谨、客观和可靠的手段。同时从理论上说明了自动烹饪完全可能烹饪出和手工烹饪品质相同的菜品。     

Pigmentation of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1875), using Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) microalga

A feeding experiment was conducted over 9 weeks with seven groups of 30 (fish per group) unpigmented gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1875) (initial mean weight = 145.2 ± 12.3 g). Three experimental diets were prepared by adding to a basal diet free of carotenoid (final pigment content of around 40 mg per kg feed): (i) a biomass of the carotenogenic Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales); (ii) a synthetic astaxanthin; and (iii) a mixture (1:1) of microalgal biomass and synthetic astaxanthin. At 3‐week intervals, five fish were sampled from each tank for total carotenoids analysis in skin and muscle. The carotenoid pigments (total amount = 0.4%) identified in the carotenogenic alga were lutein (0.3%), β‐carotene (1.2%), canthaxanthin (36.2%), astaxanthin, free and esterified forms (55.0%), and other pigments (7.3%). Carotenoid pigments were significantly deposited in the four skin zones studied during the feeding trial: the forefront between the eyes, the opercule, along the dorsal fin and in the abdominal area. In the muscle, regardless of the astaxanthin source, the amount of carotenoids measured was very low (less than 1 mg kg^?1) and differences not significant. Moreover, no muscle pigmentation was evident, and there was no variation in the amount of carotenoid analysed in skin tissue, through the trial, for each treatment. It was concluded that supplementing the feed with C. vulgaris would be an acceptable practice in aquaculture to improve the market appeal of the gilthead seabream.     

罗汉果生产技术研究的思路与发展对策

探讨了罗汉果生产技术研究思路，提出选育、引进优良品种，培育茎尖脱毒壮苗，建立种薯基地，采用容器无土栽培、平地栽培、设施栽培，施用天敌真菌、接种VA菌根真菌防治根结线虫等技术建议。     

以胞质雄性不育系配制的早熟秋甘蓝新品种‘中甘22''

‘中甘22’甘蓝以胞质雄性不育系CMS8180为母本,自交系7014为父本配制而成。该一代杂种秋季种植早熟性好,定植到收获约60d;叶球单球质量1．75kg,抗病毒病和黑腐病,不易裂球,品质优,适于华北、东北、西北地区早秋种植。     

陕西省小麦抗白粉病基因及新育成小麦品种(系)抗白粉病分析

为明确已知小麦抗白粉病基因载体品种以及2005—2007年陕西省新育成小麦品种(系)的抗病性,采集陕西关中不同地区小麦白粉病菌作为菌源,分年度在人工诱发病圃中对32份已知抗白粉病基因品种及578份新育成小麦品种(系)进行鉴定。结果表明,目前在陕西省仅Pm21、Pm4a、Pm5 6、Pm2 Talent及小黑麦具有优良的抗病性;Pm4b、Pm5(Mli)、Pm13、Pm19、Pm"Era"、Pm2 Mld的抗病性较弱;其它基因抗病性较差。新育成的小麦品种(系)中绝大部分对白粉病表现感病,苗期和成株期均抗病的材料仅27份,占4.67%,成株期抗病性的46份,占7.96%,其中,簇毛麦后代材料抗病性较高。     

几种蚜虫对MDMV传毒效率及其口针中病毒附着位点(VAS)的免疫荧光标记

 本研究在测定了5种蚜虫对玉米矮花叶病毒(MDMV)传播效率的基础上,采用免疫荧光(FITC)标记方法,观察到蚜虫口针中MDMV附着位点(VAS)的存在。结果发现不同蚜虫之间的传毒效率及VAS有一定的差异。其中,以麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)的传毒效率最高,达66.8%。并且其VAS也最明显,位于口针末端约50μm处。通过试验发现,尽管在VAS存在的情况下,用提纯的不含HC的MDMV进行蚜虫传毒试验,其传毒率为零。只有当HC与MDMV共同存在的情况下才可有效传播。至于蚜虫是如何释放病毒的还不清楚。根据试验结果初步认为,蚜虫对MDMV的传播是一个"识别-吸附-释放"的过程。     

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine Dan-shao-hua-xian capsule on expression of miR-200s in rat fibrotic livers

AIM: To investigate the effect of Dan-shao-hua-xian (DSHX) capsule on the expression of the family of microRNA-200 (miR-200s) in rat fibrotic livers. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 180 g to 220 g were divided into 5 groups (control group, two model groups and two interference groups). The rats in model groups and interference groups were induced by hypodermic injection of CCl4 for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The rats in interference groups were also treated with DSHX capsule (0.5 g/kg) once daily for 4 weeks and 8 weeks at the same time. The liver index and serum activity of ALT and AST were analyzed. The liver fibrosis was observed under microscope. Additionally, the expression of miR-200a, -200b, -200c, -141 and -429 was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The liver index, and serum activity of ALT and AST in model groups and 4-week interference group were obviously higher than those in normal control group. The apparent liver fibrosis was observed in 8-week model group. The expression of miR-200a,-200b, -200c, -141 and -429 in the liver of 8-week model groups was obviously higher than that in control group. CONCLUSION: In the process of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4, the obvious changes of miR-200s may play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. The miR-200s might be the potential target that DSHX capsule inhibits the process of liver fibrosis.     

玉米开花期相关的Indeterminate domain(IDD)蛋白家族基因的鉴定

开花期是影响玉米产量的重要因子之一。Indeterminate1 (ID1)编码玉米Indeterminate domain (IDD)家族蛋白,是玉米开花期的重要调控因子。然而,其他玉米IDD蛋白家族基因及其生物学功能有待深入研究。本文利用生物信息学技术在玉米基因组中鉴定并分离了37个IDD家族基因,记作ZmIDD。表达分析发现这些ZmIDD基因在8个玉米组织中显示出多种表达模式。为进一步探讨ZmIDD基因在调控玉米开花期上的作用,检测了37个ZmIDD在172个自交系中的遗传多样性,发现35个ZmIDD基因在自交系间具有多态性,平均每个基因具有37.8个多态性位点。关联分析鉴定到包含ID1在内的7个ZmIDD基因在多个环境下与开花期性状显著关联。对Zm00001d020683基因2 kb的启动子区和600 bp编码区重测序,共鉴定到64个多态性位点。候选基因关联分析鉴定到2个启动子区的插入缺失(In/Del)位点与开花期显著关联,其中2个位点分别插入3 bp和2 bp的单倍型为一种提早开花的基因型。研究结果为玉米开花期相关基因的分离和利用研究提供了候选基因和选择靶点。