小鼠胚胎干细胞体外定向诱导分化成骨细胞

将小鼠5d龄ES-D3细胞源的类胚体(EBs)单细胞,按5×104/mL接种6孔细胞培养板,在DMEM基础培养基中使EBs单细胞贴壁培养。于第14!21天时,分别添加60%成骨细胞条件培养液(A组)、50μg/mL维生素C"50mmol/Lβ-磷酸甘油(B组)和50μg/mL维生素C"50mmol/Lβ-磷酸甘油"1μmol/L地塞米松(C组),并设不添加诱导剂对照组(D组)。第22天时用1%茜素红染色显示阳性细胞,计算成骨细胞诱导形成率,数据用方差分析和多重比较检验。结果表明,A组细胞增殖呈团状聚集,茜素红染色阳性细胞结节多分布于聚集的细胞群内及其边缘,成骨细胞诱导形成率为10.04%,与对照组比较,差异极显著(P<0.01);B组诱导分化的细胞分泌物形成网状结构,茜素红染色阳性细胞分布在这些网状结构中,成骨诱导形成率为7.43%,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);C组茜素红染色阳性细胞分散而均匀,但未出现网状结构,成骨细胞诱导形成率提高至27.57%,与对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

超滤技术对苹果汁加工中主要芳香成分影响的研究

选用青香蕉苹果和国光苹果为原料,研究了超滤对苹果汁主要芳香成分的影响。苹果汁用国产平板膜超滤机澄清,用顶空动态采样法收集芳香物,用气相色谱法分析芳香成分。通过比较超滤前后青香蕉和国光苹果汁芳香成分的变化,截留分子量为10000daltons的聚砜膜PS—10对苹果汁芳香成分保留有良好效果,优于PS—30,PS—60和PS—80;聚砜膜对醇类芳香成分保留优于酯类芳香成分,并对其截留机理作了初步探讨,认为吸附起主要作用。芳香物回收实验表明,12000Pa,50℃为苹果汁芳香成分回收的适宜条件。     

生态农业决策支持系统的建立

根据生态农业发展的需要，建立了生态农业决策支持系统。对生态农业决策支持系统的概念、设计思想、内容构成、结构及功能进行了分析。     

基于人工神经网络的组合预测及应用

综合组合预测和人工神经网络的特点，提出一种将人工神经网络应用于组合预测的新方法，并以浙江省猪肉产量预测为实例进行了论证。     

地理信息系统在县级农业气候区划中的应用

利用City Star(3.0)地理信息系统软件和广西1：25万基础地理数据，开展了容县沙田柚种植的农业气候区划，取得了较好的效果。提出了应用GIS技术开展县级农业气候区划的新思路、新方法和具体步骤。     

作物干旱指数(CWSI)和土壤干旱指数(SWSI)

本文根据邯郸地区的大范围观测资料，对小麦的作物干旱指数（ＣＷＳＩ）和裸地的土壤干旱指数（ＳＷＳＩ）及其与土壤水发的关系进行了研究，并分析了了ＣＷＳＩ和ＳＷＳＩ的影响因素和在旱情监测中的实用性。     

空气整根营养钵育苗及移栽系统技术的研究开发

营养钵育苗移栽比苗床育苗裸根苗移栽具有明显的增产效果,而空气整根营养钵育苗移栽又比普通营养钵育苗移栽具有明显的增产效果。本文对空气整根营养钵育苗的机理和优点做了分析。作者在美国北卡州立大学黄国彦教授的8项专利的基础上,在中国研制了商品化的空气整根营养钵育苗及移栽系统。本文对所研制的空气整根营养钵育苗秧盘,压缩草炭饼,机械式秧盘精密播种装置和全自动移栽机做了详细的介绍。     

Terrestrial Ecotoxicity of Eight Chemicals in a Systematic Approach (7 pp)

Background and Objective   Terrestrial ecotoxicity data are required for many research purposes. The data are derived either from the literature or elaborated by own investigations. As the terrestrial toxicity tests are usually time-consuming and labour intensive, the experiments are performed with a limited number of test organisms and soils. In the context of a project sponsored by CEFIC-LRI (European Chemical Industry Council – Long-Range Research Initiative), EC50-values were systematically elaborated for eight chemicals with a wide range of logKow-values (CdCl2, Trinitrotoluene, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4-dichlorophenol, Tributyltinchloride, Pentachlorophenol, Benzo(a)pyrene, p,p-dichloro-2,2-diphenyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane). The substances were selected covering a broad range of physico-chemical and ecotoxicological properties. As toxicity endpoints, microbial activities, plant germination and growth as well as reproduction of earthworms and collembola were determined. As such systematic investigations are rarely performed and for some substances no data existed, the data pool is made available to the scientific community.Methods   All toxicity tests were conducted on three different soil types (sandy soil, silty soil, loamy soil), according to ISO and OECD guidelines Results, Discussion, Conclusion and Outlook   The different toxicities of the chemicals, the influence of soil properties on bioavailability as well as different sensitivities of test organisms and test parameters are reflected by the EC50-values. The results showed that the EC50-values calculated on the basis of nominal concentrations can significantly vary from EC50-values derived from analytical concentrations for some substances. To avoid false conclusions, this has to be considered especially when concentrations determined in the field are compared with toxicity data obtained from the literature or calculated on the basis of nominal concentrations. Moreover, the results indicate that terrestrial ecotoxicological tests should be accompanied by chemical analyses, to be sure to derive sound EC50-values. As the tests were performed according to international guidelines, the comprehensive data pool relevant for the terrestrial ecotoxicity of eight chemicals is considered to be of great value for further research and discussions dealing with the habitat function of soils.     

Is the soil microbial community related to the basal area of trees in a Scots pine stand?

The main energy sources of soil microorganisms are litter fall, root litter and exudation. The amount on these carbon inputs vary according to basal area of the forest stand. We hypothesized that soil microbes utilizing these soil carbon sources relate to the basal area of trees. We measured the amount of soil microbial biomass, soil respiration and microbial community structure as determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles in the humus layer (FH) of an even-aged stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with four different basal area levels ranging from 19.9 m² ha⁻¹ in the study plot Kasper 1 to 35.7 m² ha⁻¹ in Kasper 4. Increasing trend in basal respiration, total PLFAs and fungal-to-bacterial ratio was observed from Kasper 1 to Kasper 3 (basal area 29.2 m² ha⁻¹). The soil microbial community structure in Kasper 3 differed from that of the other study plots.     

Multi-element analysis of soils and sediments by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Soil and sediment reference materials were used to calibrate and evaluate an analytical method for the determination of major (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Mn, P, Ti) and trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mo, Mb, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr) by sequential wavelength X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Samples were prepared as pressed pellets and analysis was done with a total measuring time of thirty minutes per sample. Special attention was given to the selection of the thirty reference materials used for calibration of the spectrometer. Another set of eleven RM (reference materials) was analyzed for the evaluation of accuracy. Detection limits for trace elements (1-2 mg kg^-1) are adequate both for geochemical and environmental purposes, except for Cd and Sb. Accuracy for trace elements falls within the expected interval of certified or recommended values in most cases, but for some major elements, like SiO₂, some results showed discrepancies, evidencing difficulties associated with the determination of light elements in complex matrices. But when quality criteria proposed by mapping programs are applied to the results, their requirements are fulfilled. Both instrumental precision, obtained by twelve sample replicate analyses, and analytical precision, considering also sub-sampling and pellet preparation, lie between the limits of the Horwitz expression, except at concentrations close to the detection limits.