十字花科植物花旗竿花药发育的细胞形态学观察

采用常规石蜡切片技术,观察研究十字花科植物花旗竿的花药发育过程。研究结果表明:花旗竿每朵花6枚雄蕊,每个花药4个花粉囊;小孢子在四分体中的排列为四面体型;成熟花粉粒近球形,属3-细胞型花粉粒并有3个萌发沟;花粉囊壁由4层细胞构成,即表皮(1层)、药室内壁(1层)、中层(1层～数层)和绒毡层(1层);绒毡层发育属分泌型。     

爱豪虎蛾生物学的初步观察

爱豪虎蛾是乌蔹莓的重要食叶害虫,还为害葡萄.在南昌1年发生1代为主,部分2代,以蛹在寄主根际附近表土层的蛹室内越冬.各代蛹的滞育率不同,1代为75%左右,2代约为5%,个别2代蛹滞育时间长达654天,跨越两个冬季,成为3年1代.如此特殊的生活史,是鳞翅目昆虫生物学上所少见,也是它对复杂多变环境的一种适应对策.     

"绿色威雷"保护性防治杨树云斑天牛试验研究

云斑天牛成虫在湖北省羽化期为4月10日～5月20日,在成虫羽化初期,采用“绿色威雷”200倍液对杨树4 m以下主干喷雾,可有效控制其危害。对大面积成片杨树林,通过防治林缘天牛可达到控制整块林地天牛危害的目的。     

寿星桃品种"寿粉"叶片提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性初报

 利用水、乙醇、石油醚和乙酸乙酯等4种溶剂提取寿星桃品种“寿粉”叶片中的活性物质，通过触杀和内吸实验，测定了各提取物对桃蚜（Myzus persicae）的杀虫活性。结果表明，在触杀试验中，乙醇和石油醚提取物对桃蚜有较好的杀虫效果，以2000 mg/L乙醇提取物对桃蚜虫处理，18h后蚜虫死亡率达到68%；在内吸实验中，乙醇提取物活性最高，用2500mg/L浓度处理时，死亡率在6~18h内变化不大，均为60%~65%；24h后死亡率达到80%，30h，36h后死亡率分别为83.7%，85%。     

Purification and Characterization of an Antioxidant Protein from Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii)

Protein from pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) was purified and characterized. Results showed that the pearl muscle protein (PMP) was composed of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximate 11.6 kDa and contained 95.1% of the protein and 4.92% of the carbohydrate of the oyster. The polypeptide appears to be a glycoprotein, since the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the PMP shows the typical characteristics of protein and polysaccharides. The denaturation temperature of the PMP was 81.3°C by differential scanning calorimetry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the PMP has a highly ordered structure. The PMP (200 μg/mL) showed a high oxygen radical absorbance activity (ORAC) of 6.57 μmol Trolox/μmol protein. Its antioxidant activity was stable at temperatures from 30–80°C and pH 2–10. The antioxidant activity was significantly inhibited by Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, and EDTA and enhanced by Mn²⁺. The results suggest that the PMP could be used as a potential natural antioxidant.     

苎麻孤雌生殖后代染色体倍性变异的研究

对化学药剂诱导苎麻孤雌生殖后代染色体组成和倍性的观察结果表明：苎麻孤雌生殖后代染色体数目变化很大，有单倍性、混倍体和非整倍体细胞。单倍体细胞在５２．５％￣６２．５％之间，并伴有不均等分裂、落后染色体、小染色体等有丝分裂异常现象。另外对天然雄性不育孤雌生殖的结实率及其后代植株倍性进行了观察，并对染色体数目变化的原因进行了初步分析。     

全脂大豆对肉仔鸡内脏器官形态学影响

试验采用生、熟全脂大豆和对照饲粮分7组饲喂出壳1日龄艾维菌（Arian )肉仔鸡，研究了生、熟全脂大豆对肉仔鸡内脏器官重量和组织形态结构的影响。结果表明：饲喂生大豆饲粮肉仔鸡的胰腺相对重显著高于饲喂熟大豆和对照饲粮组（P＜0．05），饲喂熟大豆与对照饲粮组间无显著差异。生大豆饲粮对胰腺生长短期影响显著。前期饲喂生大豆饲粮肉仔鸡大肠、小肠相对重显著高于饲喂熟大豆和对照饲粮组（P＜0．05），后期无显著差异。饲喂生长大豆饲粮肉仔鸡腺胃、肌胃相对重在前、后期显著高于对照饲粮组（P＜0．05）。生大豆饲粮组对鸡的小肠绒毛的损伤明显。     

典型农耕区褐土水稳性团聚体有机碳的分布及组成

对河北省典型农耕区褐土水稳性团聚体有机碳的组成特征进行了解析。结果表明,研究区水稳性土壤团聚体随粒径的减小而呈现"两头低中间高"的不规则W形分布趋势。藁城市和行唐县两地全土有机碳含量基本相当,分别为12.49和11.20g/kg。土壤有机碳主要受团聚体粒径分布的制约,藁城市和行唐县农耕区褐土优势团聚体(1000~250μm和250~53μm)中有机碳的比例分别为69.53%和82.71%。藁城市和行唐县20μm的团聚体有机碳含量分别为12.78和20.02g/kg,可作为研究区褐土固碳的稳定性指标。红外光谱解析表明,研究区土壤团聚体有机碳以芳香碳(大团聚体57.35%;微团聚体67.69%)和多糖碳(大团聚体29.43%;微团聚体:25.2%)为主。气候条件的差异可能是导致藁城市和行唐县土壤有机碳官能团组成差异的主要原因。大团聚体有机碳中主要是脂肪碳、多糖碳等活性较高的碳,而稳定的芳香碳则趋向于被保护在微团聚体中。     

Assessing the effects of the clumping phenomenon on BRDF of a maize crop based on 3D numerical scenes using DART model

Inverting radiative transfer (R-T) models against remote sensing observations to retrieve key biogeophysical parameters such as leaf area index (LAI) is a common approach. Even if new inversion techniques allow the use of three-dimensional (3D) models for that purpose, one-dimensional (1D) models are still widely used because of their ease of implementation and computational efficiency. Nevertheless, they assume a random distribution of foliage elements whereas most canopies show a clumped organization. Due to that crude simplification in the representation of the canopy structure, sizeable discrepancies can occur between 1D simulations and real canopy reflectance, which may further lead to false LAI values. The present investigation aims to appraise to which extent the incorporation of a clumping index (noted λ) into 1D R-T model could improve the simulations of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). Canopy BRDF is simulated here for three growth stages of a maize crop with the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model in the visible and near infrared spectral bands, for two contrasted soil types (dark and bright) and different levels of heterogeneity to represent the canopy structure. 3D numerical scenes are based on in-situ structural measurements and associated BRDF simulations are thus considered as references. 1D scenarios assume either that leaves are randomly distributed (λ = 1) or clumped (λ < 1). If BRDF simulations seem globally reliable under the assumption of a random distribution in near infrared, it can also lead to relative errors on the total BRDF up to 30% in the red spectral band. It comes out that the use of a clumping index in a 1D reflectance model generally improves BRDF simulations in the red considering a bright soil, which seems relatively independent of LAI. In the near infrared, best results are usually obtained with homogeneous canopies, except with the dark soil. Clearly, influent factors are mainly the LAI and the spectral contrast between soil and leaves.     

~(60)Coγ射线辐照对卵黄液保存时间的影响

卵黄液经60Coγ射线辐照,检测不同温度下保存对卵黄液抗体效价的影响和卵黄液中自由基的变化规律;结果表明25℃保存时,3.0 kGy、6.0 kGy辐照后保存期较长,-10℃保存对未经辐照和一定剂量辐照后卵黄液抗体效价无影响;临床应用表明,辐照后卵黄液总治愈率为92.9%。