Optimum nutrient levels in a container growing medium determined by a saturated aqueous extract

Abstract

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings were grown for 15 weeks over a range of nutrient regimes to calibrate a test procedure used for monitoring nutrient status of a common container growing medium. The test was based on a saturated aqueous extract of the growing medium, obtained by suction displacement. Seedling growth and nutrition exhibited typical responses of deficiency, sufficiency, luxury consumption and toxicity over the range of substrate fertility examined. Water extractable nutrients of the growing medium were related to yield and nutrient uptake of the seedlings. Ranges of nutrient levels associated with maximum dry matter production were selected as provisional values for optimum growth of containerized red pine seedlings. The following critical nutrient levels were considered optimum for red pine seedlings managed under similar cultural conditions: 15–65 ppm N (as NH₄ ⁺), 35–95 ppm P, 25–115 ppm K, 30–60 ppm Ca, 15–35 ppm Mg, and electrical conductivity of 1.0–2.2 dS/m.     

沙棘叶提取物抗登革病毒的实验研究

登革病毒依抗原性不同,可分为1、2、3、4四个血清型。它除了能导致一定范围内发热的典型登革热外,还能引致更严重的登革出血热和登革休克综合症。由于没有具体有效的治疗药物,目前尚无好的治疗登革热的方法,治疗方案多是支持性的。本实验评估了在2型登革病毒感染的人血源性巨噬细胞中沙棘叶提取物的抗登革病毒活性,选择巨噬细胞的原因是因为巨噬细胞是登革病毒感染的首要目标。受感染的细胞用沙棘叶提取物治疗并与市售的抗病毒药物利巴韦林作比较,研究发现沙棘叶提取物维持登革病毒感染细胞活力的能力几乎等同于利巴韦林。传统的空斑试验进一步确定了沙棘叶提取物的抗登革病毒活性。这些试验结果表明,沙棘叶提取物具有显著的抗登革病毒活性及治疗登革热的潜力。     

Relationships between the primary mineral and the clay mineral compositions of some recent andosols

Relationships between the clay mineralogy and the primary mineral association were studied on seventeen Andosol samples (<3,000 years old) collected from Aomori, Hokkaido, and Iwate. Opaline silica, allophane, and imogolite were predominant in the soils derived from volcanic ashes which contained practically no quartz, while opaline silica, crystalline layer silicates, alumina-rich gel-like materials, and allophanelike constituents were abundant in the soils which contained abundant quartz. There was no positive indication of the presence of allophane in any quartz andesitic Andosols. High contents of finely comminuted amphibole and mica in the quartz andesitic volcanic ashes suggested that the crystalline layer silicates are inherited and are not formed pedochemically from amorphous materials.     

EFFECT OF SWINE MANURE EXTRACT ON LEAF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION,CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT,TOTAL POTASSIUM IN PLANT PARTS AND STARCH CONTENT IN FRESH TUBER YIELD OF CASSAVA

The effects of swine manure extract (SME) as foliar fertilizer (FSME), soil fertilizer (SSME), and both soil and foliar fertilizer (FNSSME) on leaf nitrogen (N) concentration, chlorophyll content, total potassium (K) in plant parts and starch content in the fresh roots, compared to a conventional, chemical fertilizer (CF) were studied in cassava cultivar ‘Hauybong 60’. The results showed that plants on FNSSME had the highest chlorophyll contents and SPAD values at four months after planting (MAP). Cassava plants treated with SSME and FNSSME had highest starch content and was significantly higher than in plants treated with CF and a FSME. There was a strong, positive relationship between the leaf nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll content in cassava at 6 MAP. The results of the study indicated that an application of FNSSME to cassava plants could provide a higher chlorophyll content and higher tuber quality of the plants than those applied with chemical fertilizer.     

基于K均值聚类的厚壁组织区域自动提取

桉树是我国南方的速生丰产林,区域提取是定量分析各种组织抑制桉树茎生根原因的重要前提。为此,介绍了基于K均值聚类的在桉树茎切片图像中自适应提取厚壁组织区域的图像处理技术。将桉树茎切片彩色图像转换为CIEL*a*b*彩色空间,用K均值聚类分析算法对描述颜色的a*和b*通道进行聚类分析,提取细胞厚壁,然后填充其中白色的细胞腔,构成完整的厚壁组织区域。实验结果表明,在CIEL*a*b*空间使用该算法可以获得较准确的实验结果。     

超临界萃取葡萄籽油的工艺研究

以葡萄籽为原料,进行超临界CO2萃取葡萄籽油的研究。以提取率为指标,对夹带剂和夹带剂料液比进行优选,通过正交试验对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,萃取压力30MPa,CO2流量27kg/h,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间3h,平均提取率15.12%。     

灵芝孢子受冷等静高压作用破壁提取机理的探讨

按照普通植物种子的情况,推定灵芝孢子的结构有完全充满、部分充满、有大空隙和无种仁4种形式。为此,按照这4种形式分别说明了灵芝孢子受高等静压作用时,孢子壁的破坏方式和灵芝孢子有效成分的溶出方式。     

基于马占相思栲胶单宁酚醛树脂胶黏剂的合成与热压工艺研究

以马占相思栲胶、苯酚、甲醛和氢氧化钠为原料,通过共缩聚反应来制备单宁酚醛(TPF)树脂胶黏剂并对其胶合强度进行检测和分析,利用均匀设计建立指标值与相关因素的方程模型,进一步优化实验配方。结果表明,当苯酚与甲醛的摩尔比为1:2.5,苯酚与栲胶质量比为37:100,质量浓度为30%的氢氧化钠溶液与栲胶质量比为74:100时,合成的TPF共缩聚树脂胶黏剂性能较稳定;压制的三层胶合板强度达1.37MPa,达到国家标准(GB/T 14732—2006)Ⅰ类胶合板的要求。     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂,研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性,回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强,乙醇提取物次之,最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果,表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。