金华市农业机械化投入机制初探

农业机械化是农业现代化的基础，是现代化的先决条件，发展农业机械化迫切需要加大投入。为此，分析了金华市现阶段农机化投入的现状及存在的问题；提出了通过建立政府、集体、信贷、农户、外资等“多位一体”的投入机制，加大农机化投入，促进农机化事业健康发展的思路。     

An evaluation of the Olsen test as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in grassland soils derived from basalt parent material

Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL⁻¹) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses.     

The Phytotoxicity of Various Graminicides in Durum Wheat in Greece

The effect of three herbicides, diclofop-methyl (DM), imazamethabenz-methyl (IM) and fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE), was investigated at the recommended rate (×) and double the recommended rate (2×) in a durum wheat crop. FE had the smallest effect on root system characteristics, while IM had the greatest effect. For all herbicides, the double rate treatment gave a greater statistical reduction than the single rate for root system characteristics. FE had the smallest effect on the activity of aerobic microorganisms, while DM gave the greatest reduction, 10 days after application, and all three herbicides reduced earthworm abundance. DM gave the smallest reduction in the number of tillers and in plant height, while the double rate of IM gave the greatest reduction. For all three herbicides, double the recommended rate resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of 1000 seeds, while no statistically significant deviations were noted at the recommended rate. Finally, the use of all three herbicides resulted in significantly lower statistical yields compared to the sample (control plot), although there were no significant statistical differences among them, for either recommended or double recommended rates.     

杉木林杆材阶段能量积累和分配的研究

目前森林生态系统生产力的研究 ,多以干物质量作为指标 ,这对深入了解生态系统的功能 ,生态效益都有一定的局限性。必须把生物量与能量结合起来 ,因为生物量和能流的研究 ,是人工林生态系统结构和功能的研究中最主要的一环 ,是研究物质生产、物质循环和能量流动的基础。关于森林各组织器官的热值和能量的研究 ,国内外许多学者做过这方面的工作。刘世荣等 (1990 )研究了落叶松 (Larixgmelinii)林群落能量积累、分配、固定和转化的规律 ;陶金川等 (1990 )探讨了银鹊树 (Tapisciasinensis)群落的生物量和能量的现存量 ;张文其等 (1995 )对鹤山…     

农机液压技术的应用与发展

液压技术的应用已成为现代化农业机械的典型标志。为此,介绍了农机液压技术的应用现状;并根据科学技术的发展,简要分析了农机液压技术的发展趋势。     

农机安全管理体制的变革和构想

结合《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》有关规定和黑龙江省农机安全管理的实践,总结了农机安全管理体制焦点问题和体制的变革,并对实施道路交通安全法提出设想和建议。     

电算化会计信息系统下内部控制研究

本文对会计电算化发展中存在的一些问题提出了对策与建议，并针对财会工作的自身特点，从程序控制和制度控制两个方面阐述了电算化会计信息下的内部控制方法。     

不同轮作模式对稻田土壤肥力和微生物群落结构的影响

为了探索不同水稻轮作模式对稻田土壤微生物群落结构的影响,以及与土壤养分供给的关系,本研究采用高通量测序技术对3种不同轮作模式下（水稻-小麦轮作、水稻-紫云英轮作、水稻-休耕）土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构变化进行分析,并进一步探讨了微生物群落结构与土壤养分含量之间的相互关系。结果表明：水稻-紫云英轮作模式能够明显改善稻田土壤的综合肥力,紫云英连续翻压还田后显著提高了土壤中总氮（TN）和有效氮（AN）的含量。土壤微生物群落结构方面,不同种植模式对细菌群落结构的影响大于真菌。水稻-紫云英轮作模式中优势菌群如酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）和子囊菌门（Ascomycota）等的富集有助于促进土壤生态系统的养分循环与生态健康。不同种植模式条件下土壤养分的变化如TN、AN、总钾（TK）及速效钾（AK）等可能是导致土壤细菌和真菌群落结构发生变化的主要驱动因素。稻田土壤中细菌群落结构对于土壤养分变化的敏感性要高于真菌。综合来看,水稻-紫云英轮作模式是更加适合水稻生态可持续栽培的种植模式,能够明显改善稻田土壤的综合肥力和土壤微生态环境。     

磷指数模型在美国的应用和发展

磷是植物生长必需的营养元素之一,在农业生产中起着关键作用。然而,长期过量的磷肥投入导致土壤磷素水平增加,进而加大了土壤磷素流失风险,造成农业非点源磷污染,同时这也成为导致水体富营养化的主要因素之一。因此,识别和管理农业非点源磷的流失风险关键区,成为面源污染亟待解决的关键问题。磷指数模型起源于20世纪90年代,是评估农田磷流失潜力和指导磷管理决策的重要工具之一。根据研究区特点,美国众多学者在各州设立了不同的磷指数指标体系,优化了磷指数的组成因子、计算方法和分级标准。本文对美国各州磷指数模型评价体系进行了综述和评价,指出了磷指数模型的局限性,提出了改进方向,以期为我国磷素管理方法提供借鉴。     

基于新时代文旅融合的基地场景特色研学实证研究 ——以浙江省淳安县千岛湖为例

浙江省淳安县千岛湖近年来开发了生态环保探索、农事研学活动、红色国防教育3大主题6 个典型研学基地场景,对其自然条件、师资队伍、场所条件进行分析,研究其相应课程设计、研学路 线,教育性、体验性路径和目标。结果表明,研学不仅是生态红利的新引擎,也是创新发展的催化 剂,更是文化精神的感召力。提出要以新发展理念指引研学发展,深化研学内涵认知,多样化、多层 次、多方面开展研学活动。