关于我国设立刑事证据开示制度的思考

1996年《刑事诉讼法》的修改，产生了律师阅卷难问题。为解决这一问题，真正实现控辩双方公平对抗，我国应设立刑事证据开示制度。文章对刑事证据开示制度的内涵、设立的必要性、设立的原则以及具体建议进行法律思考。     

Transplantation of human amnion epithelial cells improves learning and memory function in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology rat model

AIM: To observe the treatment effect and its immune regulation of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology rat model. METHODS: The hAECs were isolated from amnion with trypsin digestion, and the phenotype of hAECs was analyzed by flow cytometry. SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham control group, model group, medium group and hAECs group. AD-like pathology rat model was induced by bilateral intraventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). hAECs (5×10⁵) were injected into the hippocampus of the AD-like pathology rats. At 2 weeks after transplantation, the animals were tested by Morris water maze to observe the function of learning and memory. The pathological change of the brain was observed by HE staining. The expression of amyloid β-protein 42(Aβ42) and Tau protein and the level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the injury brain were determined by immunohistochemistry. The survival and differentiation of hAECs in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescent technique. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The contents of serum cytokines were detected by cytometric bead array. RESULTS: Compared with model group and medium group, hAECs group showed shortened escape latency (P<0.01), increased frequency of going through the platform (P<0.05), reduced loss of hippocampal neurons, decreased expression of Tau protein and Aβ42 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), increased ACh level in the hippocampus (P<0.05), decreased percentages of Th1 and Th17 subsets, increased percentages of Th2 and Treg cells (P<0.05), decreased concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the serum, and increased concentration of IL-4(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: hAECs improve the cognitive learning and memory function and alleviate pathologic damage of hippocampus through immune regulation in AD-like pathology rats.     

Soil aggregate formation and stability induced by starch and cellulose

Soil aggregate (SA) can be formed and stabilized when soil organic matter (SOM) is decomposed in the soil. However, the relationships between the SA dynamics and SOM with different decomposition rates have not been clarified. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the addition of polysaccharides to soil on SA formation and stability. A Japanese tropical soil was incubated for 99 d at 30 °C in a dark environment following the addition of 0.5% (w/w) starch or cellulose. The decomposition rates of the amendments, and SA formation and stability were evaluated by measuring soil respiration rates, and distribution fractions of soil aggregate sizes and mean weight diameter (MWD) of SA, respectively. The cumulative soil respirations with all treatments rapidly increased until Day 12 of the incubation. The initial slope of the cumulative soil respiration in the soil with starch was significantly higher than that in the soil with cellulose. In either soil with starch or cellulose, the fractions of macro-aggregates (>1000 μm in diameter) significantly increased, respectively, compared with control soil. However, the fractions of meso-aggregates (250–1000 μm) and nano-aggregate (<20 μm) in the soil with starch significantly decreased, while those fractions in the soil with cellulose fluctuated until Day 6. The MWDs reached the maximum on Day 6, indicating the SA formation in the soils with starch or cellulose. The increasing rate of the SA formation in the starch-amended soil was greatly higher than that in the cellulose-amended soil. After Day 6, the MWDs in the soils with either polysaccharide decreased with similar trends with no significant differences between treatments, indicating similar stability of the SA in both treatments. This study showed that the different decomposability of the organic amendments might influence the SA formation differently, but not the SA stability.     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

基于WT-CNN-LSTM的溶解氧含量预测模型

溶解氧（Dissolved oxygen, DO）含量是影响水产养殖产量的重要因素之一,具有时序性、不稳定性和非线性等特点,且其影响因子过多、存在复杂的耦合关系,难以实现精准预测。针对传统长短时记忆神经网络（Long short term memory, LSTM）预测模型易引入冗余数据,且在训练过长序列时会出现梯度消失现象,从而不能捕捉因子间长期的依赖性问题,提出了基于小波变换（Wavelet transform, WT）、卷积神经网络（Convolutional neural network, CNN）和LSTM的溶解氧含量预测模型。首先,使用WT降低数据噪声;然后,使用CNN深度挖掘各变量之间的潜在关系;最后,利用LSTM的时序性预测2h后的水产养殖溶解氧含量。结果表明,本文提出的WT-CNN-LSTM模型预测效果良好,其平均绝对误差、均方根误差和决定系数分别为0.138、0.229和0.954,比传统LSTM模型分别优化了28.87%、21.03%和4.61%。     

基于部首嵌入和注意力机制的病虫害命名实体识别

为了解决农业病虫害命名实体识别过程中存在的内在语义信息缺失、局部上下文特征易被忽略和捕获长距离依赖能力不足等问题,以农业病虫害文本为研究对象,提出一种基于部首嵌入和注意力机制的农业病虫害命名实体识别模型(Chinese agricultural diseases and pests named entity recognition with joint radical embedding and self attention, RS-ADP)。首先,该模型将部首嵌入集成到字符嵌入中作为输入,用以丰富语义信息。其中,针对部首嵌入设计了3种特征提取策略,即卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural network, CNN)、双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional long short term memory network, BiLSTM) 和CNN-BiLSTM;其次,采用多层不同窗口尺寸的CNNs层提取不同尺度的局部上下文信息;然后,在BiLSTM提取全局序列特征的基础上,采用自注意力机制进一步增强模型提取更长距离依赖的能力;最后,采用条件随机场(Conditional random field, CRF)联合识别实体边界和划分实体类别。在包含11个类别和24715条标注样本的农业病虫害自制语料上进行了实验。结果表明,本文模型RS-ADP在该数据集上精确率、召回率和F1值分别为94.16%、94.47%和94.32%;在具体实体类别上,RS-ADP在作物、病害、虫害等易识别实体上F1值高达95.81%、97.76%和97.23%。同时,RS-ADP在草害、病原等难以识别实体上F1值仍保持86%以上。实验结果表明,本文所提模型能够有效识别农业病虫害命名实体,其识别精度优于其他模型,且具有一定的泛化性。     

人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S),Rg5/Rk1对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响

采用被动回避穿越法研究了人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk1(1∶1)对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响。结果表明:灌服人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk110 mg/kg后,显著延长了小鼠避暗的潜伏期,尤其以人参皂苷Rg5/Rk1作用最为显著,Rg5/Rk1处理组的潜伏期是对照组的2.97倍,Rg3(R),Rg3(S)分别为对照组的2.35和2.53倍,差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明这些化合物具有改善乙醇致小鼠的记忆障碍的能力。     

文本挖掘下的话语认知与构建——以人工智能和5G领域白宫新闻文本为例

[目的/意义]政府新闻文本是政策文本的表达形式之一。对政府新闻文本进行挖掘分析,能直观的展现表面动态,揭示对话事件的立场及其背后关系,能对情报分析工作、中国新型智库的发展建设,提供有效的助力。[方法/过程]文章利用TextRank算法进行核心句提取,并结合批评话语分析理论框架来做评估,以语料驱动从关键句、关键词两个宏观角度讨论政府决策态度,以词性从话语策略的微观角度总结美国官方对人工智能和5G领域的话语认知形象。[结果/结论]通过分析可以看出,美国政府对于人工智能和5G领域的态度将持续保持在“政府引领下的美国需优先”这一局面,面对发展中国家的科技竞争,增加政府政策性文本的指导无疑是最好的对策建议。     

低频声波频率下瘤背石磺CaM-like、CaMKII基因的表达及功能

长期栖息于潮间带的动物能够感知当地的潮汐规律,形成潮汐记忆的能力。本研究以栖息于潮间带的瘤背石磺(Onchidium reevesii)为对象,研究其通过感知潮汐来临时产生的低频声音来调节其行为与潮汐节律相协调的分子机制。通过RACE-PCR技术克隆到CaM-like基因的cDNA序列,并进行生物信息学分析和qRT-PCR实验。结果显示,瘤背石磺CaM-like基因的cDNA全长2321 bp,包括5′非编码区(UTR)366 bp,3′非编码区(UTR)1337 bp,618 bp的开放阅读框编码206个氨基酸;预测该基因编码的多肽链的原子数量是3165,分子量约为23029.64 kD,理论等电点4.64,分子式是C_(1018)H_(1544)N_(274)O_(320)S_9。N端信号肽由29个氨基酸组成。氨基酸序列比对构建系统进化树,结果显示瘤背石磺CaM-like基因与静水椎实螺(Lymnaea stagnalis)、光滑双脐螺(Biomphalaria glabrata)的CaM-like基因的亲缘关系最接近,这与传统形态学分类相吻合。在实验室内模拟潮汐中低频声音刺激瘤背石磺,应用qRT-PCR检测CaM-like基因在不同组织的分布情况,结果显示CaM-like mRNA在瘤背石磺不同组织均有表达,但神经节部位的表达量显著高于背部皮肤、腹足、肠、肝胰腺、口器和蛋白腺等组织(P0.05),推测其可能参与神经系统的可塑性调节。荧光定量结果显示CaM-like、CaMKII基因分别在25 Hz和50 Hz低频声波下刺激12.4 h表达量较高,初步推测其能感知25～50 Hz声波频率。这可能与栖息于潮间带中的瘤背石磺长期感知12.4 h半日潮潮汐周期节律,形成潮汐记忆有关。本研究将为进一步深入了解瘤背石磺感知潮汐节律的分子机制奠定基础,也为探究海洋动物由海洋向陆地进化过程中对环境的适应机制提供依据。