超声波法提取苜蓿皂甙最适条件的研究

为了优化紫花苜蓿中苜蓿皂甙的提取工艺,采用L9(34)正交试验方法,以苜蓿总皂甙提取量为评价指标,优选苜蓿皂甙的提取条件。结果表明,甲醇浓度、甲醇用量、提取时间、提取次数对苜蓿皂甙的提取量都有极显著影响,最佳提取工艺为50%的甲醇,苜蓿草粉15倍量,超声波提取2次,每次30min。     

Regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation induced by porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) exists widely in swine populations worldwide, and healthy PCV2 virus carriers have enhanced the severity of the infection, which is becoming more difficult to control. This study investigated the regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation modification induced by PCV2 in vitro and in mice. In vitro, PNS significantly increased the scavenging capacities of superoxide anion radicals (O₂^•-) and hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) and reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced by PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2). In addition, PNS decreased the protein expression level of histone H4 acetylation (Ac-H4) by increasing the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells. In vivo, PNS enhanced the scavenging capacities of ^•OH and O₂^•− and reduced the content of H₂O₂ in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PNS also reduced the protein expression level of histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) by reducing the activity of histone acetylase (HAT) and increasing the activity of HDAC in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PCV2 infection activated oxidative stress and histone acetylation in vitro and in mice, but PNS ameliorated this oxidative stress. The research can provide experimental basis for exploring the antioxidant effect and the regulation of histone acetylation of PNS on PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells and mice in vitro and in vivo, and provide new ideas for the treatment of PCV2 infection.     

干柱层析法制备油茶总皂苷对照品初探

目的 研究干柱层析法制备油茶皂苷对照品的方法。方法 原料用60 %乙醇超声提取,浓缩至无醇味,石油醚脱酯后用正丁醇按3:1体积比加入萃取。取正丁醇层并真空浓缩至干,干法上样于100目~200目硅胶柱色谱分离,用乙酸乙酯-甲醇-正丁醇-水(2:1:4:7)的上相展层;根据Rf值取出相应的条带并用甲醇淋洗收集蒸干,薄层及理化性质检测。结果 该方法所制样品由薄层色谱为一点,纯度较高。结论 该方法简便、实用且制备量大,可作为油茶总皂苷对照品。     

三七及竹节参中皂甙的不同提取方法

采用冷浸、回流、微波等方法提取三七及竹节参皂甙,按光密度值分别计算出三七及竹节参皂甙的含量。结果显示,微波提取法与冷浸、回流法相比提取率稍高,并且微波提取法操作简单、安全、省时。因此,微波提取法将使三七和竹节参资源得到更好的开发和利用。     

苜蓿生物活性物质在动物上的应用

苜蓿中含有许多生物活性物质,能够显著影响动物的生长性能、繁殖机能和免疫功能,有些活性物质还可以作为人的保健品使用。本文主要介绍苜蓿皂苷、苜蓿多糖、苜蓿黄酮的生物学功能以及国内外学者对苜蓿中活性成分研究的最新成果。苜蓿中活性物质可以作为动物的饲料添加剂使用,一定剂量的苜蓿活性物质可以提高动物体内的淋巴细胞水平,增加免疫力;提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性,抑制丙二醛的水平,具有抗氧化功能;增加动物的生产性能和繁殖性能。     

茶皂甙的提取工艺及天然茶果香波的研制

[目的]研究从茶籽饼粕中提取茶皂苷的最佳工艺,并以茶皂苷为主要功能成分研制天然茶果香波。[方法]采用正交试验设计确定茶皂苷最佳提取工艺中的乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间;采用灌注法测定茶皂苷对浅部真菌的抑制作用;采用动物急性皮肤刺激性试验和人体斑贴试验测定天然茶果香波的刺激性和致敏性;按照国家标准GB11432-89检测天然茶果香波的产品质量。[结果]茶皂苷提取最佳工艺为：50%（V/V）乙醇于55℃下浸提5.3 h,所得浸膏中茶皂甙的含量为20.86%;此茶皂甙对人体浅部真菌有明显的杀灭和抑制作用;以茶皂苷浸膏为原料配制的茶果香波对正常人体皮肤无刺激性和致敏性;其理化指标均已达到GB11432-89标准。[结论]以茶皂苷为主要原料配制的天然茶果香波安全可靠,质量稳定,去屑止痒效果好。     

Accumulation of Sapogenin Conjugates and Histological Changes in the Liver and Kidneys of Lambs Suffering from Alveld,a Hepatogenous Photosensitization Disease of Sheep Grazing Narthecium ossifragum

Sixteen lambs exhibiting hepatogenous photosensitization (alveld) after grazing pasture containing Narthecium ossifragum and seven nonphotosensitized lambs grazing the same pastures were studied. All the alveld-affected lambs revealed liver damage dominated by single cell necrosis, portal fibroplasia and bile duct proliferation. Crystalloid clefts were demonstrated in the bile ducts of two and in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of nine photosensitized lambs. Plasma bilirubin concentration was severely increased in ten of the cases of alveld whereas the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was moderately to severely increased in seven cases. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was moderately elevated in one of the photosensitized lambs. The main histopathological findings in the kidneys from the alveld-affected lambs were dilated tubules, often with eosinophilic material in the tubular lumina. Regenerative changes were seen in a large proportion of the renal sections. Elevated plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine, and the renal histopathological changes, suggested that the photosensitized lambs had been through a phase of renal injury. Analysis of the free and conjugated sapogenin content in liver tissue and bile was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. There were significantly higher concentrations of conjugated episapogenins in both the liver and bile in the alveld-affected lambs than in the nonphotosensitized lambs.     

黄芪皂苷三种提取方法对黄芪甲苷含量的影响

用薄层扫描法测定并比较三种不同皂苷提取方法对黄芪甲苷含量的影响。分别采用大孔树脂吸附法、正丁醇萃取法和KOH回流提取法制备供试品。以氯仿-甲醇-水为展开系统,薄层扫描法测定黄芪甲苷含量。结果显示,大孔树脂吸附法、正丁醇萃取法和KOH回流提取法三种方法提取物中黄芪甲苷平均含量分别为0．07768％,0．05578％,0．06953％。结果显示大孔树脂法提取黄芪所得黄芪甲苷含量较高。     

刺玫果总皂苷的提取工艺研究

[目的]探索刺玫果中总皂苷的最优提取工艺条件。[方法]以刺玫果提取干浸膏中总皂苷的含量为指标,采用单因素和正交试验确定刺玫果中总皂苷的最优提取工艺条件。[结果]优化的刺玫果总皂苷的提取工艺条件为料液比1∶12,醇沉浓度60%,提取时间2.0h,提取次数3次。在此条件下提取的刺玫果干浸膏中总皂苷的含量平均达到58.16 mg/g。[结论]探索得到的工艺条件可用于刺玫果总皂苷的提取。     

四种悬钩子属植物不同部位总皂苷含量的比较

[目的]比较4种悬钩子属药用植物茅莓、蓬蘽、高粱泡和红腺悬钩子不同部位总皂苷含量。[方法]采用比色法测得4种药用植物不同部位总皂苷的含量。[结果]茅莓不同部位总皂苷平均含量分别为：根为8.71%,叶为1.65%,茎为1.58%;高粱泡不同部位总皂苷平均含量分别为：根为3.33%,叶为1.23%,茎为0.86%;蓬蘽不同部位总皂苷平均含量分别为：根为1.59%,叶为1.41%,茎为1.01%;红腺悬钩子不同部位总皂苷平均含量分别为：根为1.64%,叶为1.18%,茎为0.86%。[结论]不同植物其总皂苷含量依次为茅莓〉高粱泡〉蓬蘽〉红腺悬钩子;4种植物不同部位总皂苷含量依次为根〉叶〉茎。