三黄鸡大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌混合感染病原分离鉴定及诊治

对甘肃省榆中2个鸡场饲养的发病三黄鸡进行了流行病学调查、临床症状和病理变化观察、病原菌分离鉴定及血清学诊断,确诊为大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染。通过药敏试验,选择敏感药物及时治疗,迅速控制了疫情。     

谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能和盲肠沙门氏菌定植的影响

文章旨在研究谷氨酰胺对肉鸡生长性能和盲肠沙门氏菌水平的影响。试验1选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡234只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复26只鸡,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,处理1组饲喂基础日粮(在3日龄感染3.6×10^6cfu沙门氏菌),处理2组饲喂基础日粮+10g/kg谷氨酰胺(在3日龄感染3.6×10^6cfu沙门氏菌)。试验2选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡312只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复26只鸡,对照组和处理1组同试验1,处理3组同试验1的处理2组,但肉鸡感染7.5×10^6cfu沙门氏菌试验2处理2组饲喂基础日粮+10g/kg谷氨酰胺(不感染沙门氏菌)。两个试验均开展14d。试验1:日粮添加谷氨酰胺对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验2:处理2组较其他组显著提高了1~7d肉鸡的体重和日增重(P<0.05)。肉鸡感染沙门氏菌4或10d后,日粮添加谷氨酰胺对盲肠沙门氏菌含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:日粮添加1%谷氨酰胺可以提高肉鸡生长性能,但并没有降低盲肠沙门氏菌水平,这说明日粮中添加1%谷氨酰胺不足以达到降低盲肠沙门氏菌的最佳水平。     

鲜蛋中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及生长模型分析

为了了解鲜蛋中沙门氏菌的污染情况及其生理特性,按照国家标准中蛋制品的检验程序,对养鸡场及市场共50个鸡蛋样品中的沙门氏菌进行分离,并对分离出的可疑菌株做生理生化鉴定试验,根据试验结果分析,确定其中1株为沙门氏菌,对其在温度37℃下的生长曲线进行数学分析,得出最适生长模型为MMF模型。     

一种快速检测抗沙门氏菌O抗原单克隆抗体的微量间接血凝试验

用热酚—水法提取沙门氏菌脂多糖(LPS),经pH8.0热处理后,致敏醛化的绵羊红血球,建立了一种快速检测抗沙门氏菌O抗原单克隆抗体的微量间接血凝试验。用致敏血球在96孔V型血凝板上与杂交瘤培养上清作凝集试验,数秒钟即能判定结果。本试验具有快速的特点,且有一定的敏感性。     

沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白属共同抗原表位的定位

用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术研制成４株沙门氏菌属特异单抗ＣＢ８，ｄｅ７，ｃｃ６，ＤＤ４，在免疫转印试验中，证实它们所识别的抗原表位位于鞭毛蛋白上，ＥＬＩＳＡ相加试验及竞争试验显示，ＣＢ８和ｃｃ６与ｄｅ７，ＤＤ４识别的抗原表位不同，表明鞭毛蛋白的属共同抗原具有多种表位的特性。用胰蛋白酶消化鞭毛蛋白，ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ结果出现两条新带，分子量分别为４２０００（Ｆ４２），２７０００（Ｆ２７），长时间消化，最终只剩下Ｆ２７条带，它可抵制该酶的消化。对该酶切样品的免疫转印结果表明，沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白属共同抗原表位出现于Ｆ４２和Ｆ２７上，而相应的沙门氏菌分型Ｈ抗原单抗或因子血清识别的表位也在Ｆ４２和Ｆ２７上都得到了证实。这为沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白抗原的多样性及结构和功能研究提供了证据。     

Significance of local immunity in hen reproductive organs

The current paper describes aspects of local immunity in the ovary and oviduct, and the significance of immunity to reproductive functions in hens. The immunocompetent cell populations in the ovary and oviduct change with a positive correlation to sexual activity, and gonadal steroid is one of the key factors in the increase. Local immune responses mediated by major histocompatibility complex class II and T cell subsets occur in response to infection by Salmonella enteritidis, which may contaminate eggs. In the ovary, immunocompetent cells are also suggested to play roles in the regulation of ovarian functions. Macrophages and T cells are likely to enhance the regression of atretic follicles to maintain the ovarian tissue microenvironment. Autoantibodies to ovarian tissues appeared in the hens with low egg laying frequency, suggesting that the auto‐antibodies may be one of the factors in the decline of egg production. In the oviduct, local immunity possibly has a role in the selection of sperm, though the immunoreactions may also affect sperm survival leading to the decline in fertility. The concentration of yolk IgY, which plays a role in maternal immunity transmission, significantly decreases with the aging of birds, whereas it is significantly increased by estrogen. Therefore, the immune system plays significant roles not only in defense against infection, but also in the functions of reproductive organs. Investigations on the local immune system in the reproductive organs and factors affecting it are of importance for the production of sterile eggs and improvement of reproductive functions.     

沙门氏菌快速检测试剂盒的研制及其应用

在建立直接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法基础上，首次研制出检测沙门氏菌的单抗快速检测试剂盒。对现场分离菌株进行的双盲考核试验共做２８０个菌株，两种方法的总符合率为９４．６％。以２０％的脱脂乳为冻干保护剂，经冻干后，其效价和物理性状最佳，试剂盒批内和批间重复试验的变异系数小于１０％，试剂盒的稳定性较好。采用本试剂盒检测了３０５９份人的粪样，检测出１６６份阳性样品，比市站多检出７２份阳性样品。在对６１９份肉样、６８８份鱼粉、６００份奶样、６２０份蛋样检测中，比常规国标方法多检出１００株沙门氏菌。因此，以直接ＥＬＩＳＡ为基础构建的快速检测试剂盒在沙门氏菌检验中，具有重要实用价值。     

耐氟喹诺酮类鸡源性沙门氏菌DNA旋转酶gyrA基因序列分析

取临床分离的对5种氟喹诺酮类药物(环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、单诺沙星和沙拉沙星)均耐药的9株鸡源性沙门氏菌耐药株,提取其染色体DNA。设计引物gyrAF和gyrAR扩增其DNA旋转酶gyrA基因的氟喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR),对PCR扩增产物进行测序及序列分析。与质控菌株相比,9株临床分离耐药株中只有菌株38和60的gyrA基因发生单碱基突变,菌株38的gyrA基因第371位碱基发生C→T突变,菌株60的gyrA基因第350位碱基发生A→C突变,两处突变均位于QRDR内,其余菌株的核苷酸未发生任何突变。菌株38的碱基突变导致gyrA基因第121位氨基酸发生R→C取代,即Arg→Cys;菌株60的碱基突变导致gyrA基因第114位氨基酸发生M→L取代,即Met→Leu。上述结果提示,gyrA基因QRDR突变并非沙门氏菌耐药性产生的主要原因。     

Encapsulated benzoic acid supplementation in broiler diets influences gut bacterial composition and activity

1. The present study investigated the effects of encapsulated benzoic acid (BA) supplementation in broiler feed on performance and gastrointestinal microbiota.

2. Eighty broilers were randomly divided into two groups. Birds in the control group were fed on maize–soybean-based diets. Birds in the treatment group were provided the same diet supplemented with 2 g/kg BA encapsulated in a vegetable oil matrix.

3. At the end of the trial (d 35), pH, bacterial composition and metabolites were determined in the crop, jejunum, ileum and caecum.

4. Growth performance variables and pH were not significantly different.

5. BA concentration decreased rapidly in the proximal gut. However, the treatment diet showed higher BA in the crop, jejunum, ileum and caecum.

6. Total lactate in the crop and D-lactate in the jejunum was higher in the BA treated group. Caecal total and branched chain fatty acids were decreased due to the treatment.

7. Lactobacilli populations were significantly altered by BA supplementation. A trend for increased lactobacilli was observed in the crop, while it became significant in the jejunum and ileum. Lactobacillus species responded differently to the treatment. Four of 5 measured Lactobacillus species, particularly in the ileum, followed the course observed for total lactobacilli; only Lactobacillus salivarius was not modified.

8. Correlation analysis showed that BA modified the intestinal microbiota. Lactobacilli correlated negatively to all studied clostridial clusters and enterobacteria. Clostridial clusters IV and XIVa were significantly increased in the jejunum, whereas only clostridial cluster XIVa was increased in the caecum.

9. Encapsulated BA modified the intestinal microbiota which can lead to the conclusion, that the main beneficial mode of action of BA in the gut appears to be the enhancement of lactic acid bacteria, which in turn may act as a vanguard against pathogens.     

低聚糖对肉鸡肠道内主要微生物菌群数量的影响

选择 1日龄健康AA肉鸡 6 0 0羽 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组设 4个重复 ,分别施以 3种不同日粮 :基础日粮添加 0 .1%异麦芽低聚糖 (低聚糖组 ) ;基础日粮添加 3.3mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素 16 .5mg/kg杆菌肽锌 (抗生素组 )和基础日粮 (空白对照 )组 ,各组基础日粮相同。分别于肉鸡 2 1日龄和 42日龄时从各组中选 2只试验鸡 ,解剖 ,取其空肠和盲肠新鲜内容物 ,用以测定试验鸡肠道中主要微生物菌群 (大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和乳酸杆菌 )的数量。结果表明 :添加低聚糖组试鸡空肠和盲肠内大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;在添加低聚糖组肉鸡肠道内仅检测到很少或几乎没有沙门氏菌 ;添加抗生素组试鸡中空肠和盲肠内大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和乳酸杆菌浓度均显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )