配筋混凝土砌块高层设计时应注意的几个问题

针对配筋混凝土砌块高层设计,提出砌块空腔墙的应用,注意合理设置水平配筋,配筋砌块深梁,控制底框房屋层间抗侧刚度比及高层墙体的裂缝问题.     

现浇楼板混凝土“二次法”施工工法

阐述了现浇楼板混凝土施工时,混凝土终凝前通过二次振捣的施工方法,愈合混凝土内部和表面初裂缝,以提高混凝土密实度,达到控制混凝土裂缝的目的。     

植被砼生境下狗牙根叶表皮细胞的比较研究

通过对生长在植被砼上的5个狗牙根栽培种叶上表皮细胞观察,比较不同栽培种的长细胞、短细胞和气孔的长、宽、长宽比及密度.结果表明:南京狗牙根的长细胞最长,宽最短,气孔的长宽和气孔密度最大,佳宝最小且均存在显著差异;短细胞长和宽分别以佳宝和040459/680最大;5个栽培种气孔的长宽比差异均不显著.     

两种生境下狗牙根叶表皮亚显微结构的比较

通过对生长在田园土和植被砼2种生境下的5个品种狗牙根及野生狗牙根叶表皮微形态进行扫描电镜观察,比较了在不同生境下狗牙根叶表皮上气孔形状、大小、密度和表皮毛、乳突等附属物。结果表明,供试的5个狗牙根品种及野生狗牙根对植被砼环境作出了积极的响应与适应,上下表皮乳突明显较田园土的增多,并且有些狗牙根品种叶表皮的气孔器周围乳突有规律的排列,使气孔器凹陷在其周边的细胞里面,使气体扩散阻力增大,有利于降低蒸腾,增加植物对水分的利用效率。与田园土上生长狗牙根相比,植被砼上狗牙根上、下表皮气孔密度显著增高的有喀什狗牙根、Sahara、Heaven、Hawk。就植被砼上不同狗牙根气孔特征来说,气孔密度较其他品种显著多的品种有喀什狗牙根、Sahara。在供试的5个狗牙根品种及野生狗牙根中,根据表皮毛及其他附属物的形态特征,气孔参数的特征等综合考虑,认为Sahara、Hawk、喀什狗牙根等对植被砼生境有很好的适应性。     

寒区桥梁用自密实混凝土试验研究

通过对自密实混凝土进行快冻法和3%NaCI溶液的冻融循环试验,测定不同冻融循环次数后的质量损失率和相对动弹模量及其变化特点以及冻融损伤对氯离子扩散能力的影响。结果表明：自密实混凝土随着冻融次数的增加,其表观质量、力学性能均呈现不同下降趋势。可为寒区桥梁工程设计、养护及寿命预测提供依据。     

钢桁架混凝土梁试验研究

The present paper studies the applicability of composite concrete beams to building and bridge structures. The ultimate flexural and shearing strength, the flexural stiffness, and the width of cracks of a series of composite concrete beams are analysed an     

Service Life Prediction of Concrete Structures under Chloride Environment

The problems rendered from the conventional time marching, referring to stepwise time marching scheme (STMS) adopted in boundary element method (BEM) for chloride diffusion in concrete structures, were investigated, and a new time marching, referring to initial time marching scheme (ITMS) in BEM, was developed for evaluation of service life of the concrete structures under chloride environment. Results of the numerical examples show that the ITMS-BEM proposed can eliminate domain integral and simplify the computational model, so that the stability in iteration process can be improved, resulting in better efficiency and accuracy, compared with the STMS-BEM. It can also be concluded that the dimensions of the diffusion of chloride can affect the service life of the concrete structure significantly, which should be taken into account in structural design.     

溪洛渡水电站无压泄洪洞衬砌混凝土秋季施工温控方案优选

为研究溪洛渡水电站无压泄洪洞秋季施工的温控防裂问题,运用三维有限元法模拟施工过程与温控措施,通过改变混凝土表面的热对流系数来模拟洒水、流水养护的影响,采用直接法模拟冷却水管的作用。运用ANSYS软件对1.0m厚衬砌混凝土秋季施工的5种工况,包括基本工况、基本工况加洒水养护、恒温流水养护、加洒水及恒温流水养护、无通水冷却,进行了仿真计算。通过比较相应工况中特定断面的表面点在不同时间的温度应力值和抗裂安全系数,得出结论:洒水能够有效降低拉应力;常温流水会加大内表温差;通水冷却有效降低最高温度,但应力改善效果不明显。秋季浇筑混凝土,早期宜洒水和通水冷却,后期恒温流水养护,这样能够有效避免温度裂缝的产生。     

Nursery rearing of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton), at different stocking densities in outdoor concrete tanks

The growth and survival of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu, was evaluated at stocking densities of 5, 10 and 15 million spawn ha⁻¹ in nursery rearing in concrete tanks of 50 m², each for a period of 25 days. Survival of fry was density dependent and significantly higher (54.5%) at 5 million ha⁻¹ than those at 10 million ha⁻¹ (50.1%) and 15 million ha⁻¹ (46.9%). Similarly, growth and specific growth rate were inversely related to the stocking density and varied significantly among the three densities.     

渠道冻胀敏感性数值模拟分析

渠道冻胀破坏机理复杂,其主要影响因素可归纳为土、水、温与附加荷载等4个方面。为了探明渠道冻胀影响因素对于混凝土衬砌渠道的影响程度和规律,利用正交实验设计理论,选取渠道冻胀不均匀系数作为评价指标,渠道断面形式、混凝土衬砌板厚度、分缝位置、渠基土冻胀系数和混凝土衬砌板弹性模量E作为影响因素,利用有限元软件ADINA进行数值模拟,研究各因素对渠道冻胀的敏感性。结果表明,5个因素敏感性由大到小依次排列为:渠道断面形式渠基土冻胀系数分缝位置混凝土衬砌板厚度混凝土衬砌板弹性模量E,从而为探索混凝土衬砌渠道最有效的抗冻胀措施及设计方法提供了科学合理的方法和依据。