浙江白术挥发油化学成分研究

目的：以药材气味为指标,准确区分不同产地、不同炮制品种白术样品;研究浙江白术挥发油的化学成分。方法：采用电子感官Alpha M．O．S传感器矩阵系统,对不同产地及不同炮制品种白术样品的复杂气味基质进行定性;常规硅胶柱层析分离纯化白术挥发油的化学成分,用核磁共振和X-射线衍射法鉴定其结构。结果：不同产地及不同炮制品种的白术样品其气味间存在显著差异,相对比而言,炮制工艺对样品气味特征的影响远比产地差异的作用大。白术内酯I的晶体属正交晶系,空间群为P212121。晶胞参数：a=8．756（1）,b=12．012（2）,C=12．555（1）h,V=1320．5（2）A^3,Z=4。Dx=1．169g／cm^3。最终可靠因子R1=0、041,wR2=0．1219。独立衍射点为1391个,可观察点（IFl^2≥2σlFl^2）为1328个。结果表明白术内酯I由2个反式联接的椅式六元环和1个五元内酯环组成。晶态下不存在分子内和分子间氢键联系,分子间以范德华力维系其在空间的稳定排列。结论：气味指纹分析技术对不同白术样品具有很高的灵敏度,能够有效的区分具有细小差异的样品;白术内酯I首次从浙江白术中分离得到,白术内酯I单晶首次从白术中制备得到。     

MEASUREMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION IN CATS USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND DUAL ENERGY X‐RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a reference method for assessing body composition but is seldom `accessible in veterinary settings. Computed tomography (CT) can provide similar body composition estimates and we propose that it can be used in body composition studies in animals. We compared CT and DEXA data from 73 healthy adult neutered domestic cats. Three approaches for measuring adipose tissue percentage from full‐body CT scans were explored. By examining the frequency distribution of voxels by Hounsfield unit (HU) value, it is possible to calculate a fat index (Fat%) that is in close agreement with the fat percentages obtained from DEXA scans. Fat% values obtained by the best of the methods had a mean difference of 0.96% (95% confidence interval 0.33–1.59%) from the DEXA results. Fat% obtained by the other two methods were characterized by good correlation but poor agreement and in one of the methods, the difference between the values from the two modalities was proportional to their mean. By using CT, it is possible to obtain body composition estimates that are in close agreement with those available using DEXA. While the significance of individual Fat% measurements obtained from CT can be difficult to interpret and to compare between centers, CT can contribute to research studies concerned either with nutrition or with obesity‐related disorders.     

Obesity increases initial rate of fibrin formation during blood coagulation in domestic shorthaired cats

Obesity predisposes to a prothrombotic state in humans, but whether a similar state occurs in obese animals is unknown. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of body fat percentage (BF) on haemostatic parameters including thromboelastography with tissue factor as activator (TF-TEG) in client owned indoor-confined physically inactive cats. Seventy-two cats were included following an initial thorough health examination, and a complete blood count, biochemistry panel, conventional coagulation panel and a TF-TEG analysis were performed with tissue factor (1:50,000) as activator. The cats were anaesthetized, and BF was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Significant difference between lean (BF < 35%, n = 26), overweight (35% < BF < 45%, n = 28) and obese (BF > 45%, n = 18) cats was identified using ANOVA. The correlation between BF, serum leptin and total adiponectin, respectively, with individual TEG and conventional coagulation parameters was evaluated. Obese cats showed a faster rate of fibrin formation (TF-TEG(R), p < 0.05), and TF-TEG(R) was positively correlated with plasma leptin levels. Increasing BF did not affect other conventional coagulation or TF-TEG parameters. In conclusion, this study indicates a connection between body fat content and altered haemostasis, also in cats. Whether feline obesity causes a hypercoagulable state of clinical relevance should be further investigated.     

小麦族10种禾草叶片可消化性及矿物质含量的差异

利用扫描电镜及能量分散型荧光X射线新技术分析小麦族10种多年生禾草叶片的可消化性和矿物质含量.结果表明,供试草种叶片可消化性的高低顺次是:老芒麦>野大麦>航道冰草=加拿大披碱草>蒙农杂种冰草>诺丹冰草>肥披碱草≥新麦草=披碱草>蒙古冰草.叶片中7种矿物元素含量变幅为:Mg 0.21%～0.57%、Si 0.90%～3.31%、P 0.27%～0.3%、S 0.3%～0.0%、Cl 0.21%～0.52%、K1.44%～3.0%、Ca 0.42%～0.98%,草种间差异显著.     

不同辐照剂量和氛围下 60 Co-γ射线辐照蚕丝的电子自旋共振分析

在不同辐照剂量、不同辐照氛围下用60Co-γ射线辐照蚕丝纤维,通过电子自旋共振波谱(ESR)检测蚕丝纤维产生的自由基浓度,分析不同辐照条件对蚕丝纤维性能的影响。结果表明:在0~250 kGy剂量范围内,随辐照剂量的增加,60Co-γ射线辐照蚕丝产生的自由基浓度增加,但辐照剂量过大会使蚕丝纤维发生裂解而影响其性能,故辐照剂量应不超过50 kGy;与同剂量空气下辐照蚕丝纤维产生的自由基相比,在真空下辐照蚕丝纤维产生的自由基浓度增加,且主要为氨基己酸自由基,但随着辐照剂量的增加,真空和空气下辐照蚕丝纤维产生的自由基浓度差异变小。     

紫外线诱变处理对苜蓿种子苜蓿皂苷含量的影响研究

以紫外线诱变处理苜蓿种子,接种在Ms培养基诱导产生愈伤组织,用微波辅助提取的方法提取其中的皂苷类物质并测定其中的皂苷含量。结果表明：诱变处理苜蓿种子产生的愈伤组织的皂苷含量高于未处理的种子0.3％,紫外线诱变可提高苜蓿皂苷含量。     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的CT诊断(附9例报告)

目的：探讨嗅神经母细胞瘤的ＣＴ诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：对９例病人进行鼻窦与头部ＣＴ横断扫描和（或）冠状扫描。结果：９例全部累及鼻腔，其中８例侵及筛窦，３例侵及上颌窦，４例侵及眼眶和颅内脑组织。其ＣＴ主要表现为鼻腔上部软组织肿块影，易侵及筛窦、上颌窦甚至眼眶和颅内脑组织，同时伴有侵及部位的骨质破坏。结论：ＣＴ对典型的嗅神经母细胞瘤能作出准确的诊断，对肿瘤的分期也有很大的价值；但对表现不典型者需与其它肿瘤鉴别。     

原木截面形状扫描参数的计算

利用激光扫描技术得到原木截面的基本参数,通过计算得到比较精确的原木截面形状,在整根原木上进行周期扫描从而得到整根原木的形状参数。     

不同产地刺猬紫檀木射线组织比较解剖研究

以产自非洲国家的刺猬紫檀 (Pterocarpus erinaceus ) 木材为样品,测定分析木射线宽度与高度 的尺寸、细胞数目,木射线比率。结果表明：轴向薄壁组织带中的射线宽度尺寸均大于木纤维带中的射 线宽度尺寸。木射线的细胞数目及木射线比率则差异性小。从木射线组织解剖结果看,采自西非7 个国 家的刺猬紫檀应该同属一个木种。     

竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料的耐老化性能

采用挤出成型制备了竹粉增强聚丙烯复合材料,研究竹粉/聚丙烯复合材料在紫外加速老化与湿热老化后的力学性能变化与尺寸稳定性.结果表明:在紫外线加速老化200 h后,复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲模量无显著变化,试件宽度与厚度在紫外加速老化前后也无显著改变;但湿热老化对复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲模量有显著影响,在沸水中浸泡2h后,复...