慢性前列腺炎伴抑郁症的中医证候特征研究

目的 探讨慢性前列腺炎伴抑郁症的中医证候分布特点。方法 选取符合病例诊断标准的110例患者进行临床证候调查,根据其临床表现,结合中医证候诊断标准,辨证分析确定其证型;将数据进行统计学处理,分析研究对象各中医证型、证候要素分布的特点。结果 110例患者共计12种证候,包含病位类证素6个,病性类证素11个。实性证候要素中以肝郁、气滞为基本要素,虚性证候要素中以肾虚、脾虚为主,各证候要素按出现频率高低依次为:肝郁 >气滞 >湿热 >肾虚 >痰湿 >脾虚 >血瘀 >心虚 >气虚 >阴虚 >阳虚。结论 慢性前列腺炎伴抑郁症患者中医证候分布具有一定特征性,早期多以实证为主,后期为虚实夹杂证,肾虚肝郁、痰湿瘀阻是其基本病机,为指导临床辨证论治提供了一定的理论依据。     

模拟降雨条件下地表起伏对产流产沙的影响

揭示地表起伏形态对产流和产沙的影响及作用机理,为蓄水保土、调节径流和控制径流提供参考依据。通过野外人工模拟降雨试验,在3种降雨强度(60,90,120 mm/h)下,分析了5种起伏的地表(单凸起、单凹陷、凹凸相间、凹凸相连、光滑)坡面的产流产沙情况。结果表明:(1)在3种雨强下,5种地形的初始产流时间表现为:光滑地表单凸起地表单凹陷地表凹凸相间地表凹凸相连地表,且产流越早的地表其产流量和径流系数也越高;(2)在3种雨强下,5种地表的次降雨产沙量和产沙强度由小到大依次为:凹凸相连地表凹凸相间地表单凹陷地表光滑地表单凸起地表,产沙强度越大的地表其产沙过程越不稳定;(3)与光滑地表相比,地表凸起会加剧土壤流失,地表凹陷会减轻土壤流失,且凸起和凹陷组合的地表其减轻土壤流失的效应更显著;(4)降雨强度的增大会削弱不同地表起伏对产流产沙的影响。研究结论为地表起伏类型对坡面产流产沙有重要影响,光滑地表最易产生径流,凸起地表土壤流失最严重,凹凸相连地表蓄水保土效益最好。     

Persimmon breeding in Japan for pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA) type with marker-assisted selection

Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) originated in Eastern Asia, and many indigenous cultivars have been developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These cultivars are classified into four groups based on their natural astringency loss on the tree and seed formation: pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA), pollination-variant non-astringent (PVNA), pollination-constant astringent (PCA), and pollination-variant astringent (PVA). PCNA is the most desirable type because the fruit can be eaten without any postharvest treatment; therefore, one of the goals of our persimmon breeding programs is to release superior PCNA cultivars. The PCNA genotype is recessive to the other three non-PCNA genotypes, and PCNA-type F₁ offspring are obtained exclusively from crosses among PCNA genotypes. Moreover, the number of superior PCNA cross-parents have been limited. In the late 1980s, inbreeding depression became obvious, especially in terms of fruit size, tree vigor, and productivity. To mitigate the inbreeding, a backcross program using PCNA [(non-PCNA × PCNA) × PCNA] was started in 1990. This process, however, was inefficient because only 15% of the offspring were PCNA, and all offspring had to be grown to the fruiting stage. Therefore, molecular markers linked to the PCNA locus were developed for discriminating PCNA offspring. A molecular marker linked to Chinese PCNA has also been developed.     

大豆杂种产量和品质性状早世代优势和亲本配合力分析

 【目的】研究黄淮地区一组优良大豆亲本早世代（F1～F3）产量与品质性状的杂种优势和自交衰退表现,分析杂种早世代亲本产量与品质性状配合力的变化特点,为大豆杂种品种和家系品种选育的亲本选配和后代选择提供依据。【方法】以来自黄淮地区及美国的8个大豆重要亲本及其组配的28个双列杂交组合为材料,以中亲优势率、超亲优势率作为杂种优势的指标,以自交衰退率作为自交衰退的指标,采用DIALLEL-SAS05软件进行多世代数据的联合方差分析和配合力分析。【结果】（1）黄淮地区大豆亲本间产量性状普遍存在杂种优势和自交衰退现象,产量优势最大,单株荚数和单株粒数次之,百粒重无优势。F1 杂种优势大的性状,其F2、F3自交衰退率一般也较大。生育期及品质性状（蛋白质和脂肪含量）杂种优势不明显,自交衰退也不明显。（2）大豆产量存在显著的一般配合力×世代和特殊配合力×世代的互作,杂种F1表现配合力高的亲本不一定在后代表现出高配合力。亲本品质性状的一般配合力×世代和特殊配合力×世代的互作效应不显著,由杂种一代的配合力预测杂种后代的可靠性较高。（3）亲本本身产量性状的的高低不能估计其一般配合力效应。但亲本本身蛋白质、脂肪含量的高低是估计其一般配合力效应的重要指标。【结论】黄淮地区大豆亲本间各性状中以产量的杂种优势最大,自交衰退率也较大,不宜直接利用杂种二代。杂种优势利用和杂种后代家系选育可能有不同的最佳亲本和组合。杂种早世代开始对籽粒蛋白质与脂肪含量进行定向选择,有利于及早提高后代的含量。     

关于贝类遗传改良几个问题的讨论

贝类大多为雌雄异体,少数种类是雌雄同体,在雌雄异体的种类也有部分个体表现为雌雄同体,而且雌雄异体型贝类还常有性转变现象。养殖贝类大多行体外受精并具有配子量大、子裔数量多等特点。野生型贝类表型方差大,遗传变异水平高。可见,贝类是一群比较独特的动物,其生殖方面的某些特性与作物的共同点甚至超过与高等动物的共同点。因此仅依靠脊椎动物或植物的育种方法,难以解决好贝类的种质改良问题。     

尾部静脉注射5-HTP对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马CA1区神经元放电频率的影响

目的研究慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠在尾部静脉注射5-羟色胺酸（5-HTP）后引起的海马CA1区神经元放电的变化.方法给予对照组大鼠及抑郁模型组大鼠尾部静脉注射5-HTP后,用玻璃微电极记录两组海马CA1区神经元的放电变化情况,并对其进行收录及结果分析.结果模型组的兴奋神经元放电频率增加的百分率明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）.结论增加大鼠脑内5-HT的含量有助于加强抑郁模型大鼠海马区5-羟色胺酸神经元的兴奋性,改善抑郁症状.     

不同近交系数蛤仔橙色品系的生长和成活研究

以不同遗传背景的蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）橙色品系为材料,采用建立半同胞家系子一代H1（F=0.125）、全同胞家系子一代F1（F=0.250）、全同胞家系子四代F4（F=0.594）及自然对照组C1（F=0）的方法,进行了不同近交系数蛤仔橙色品系生长和成活的研究.结果表明,在整个养殖周期中F1组的壳长生长最慢,在稚贝期和养成期均显著小于F4和C1组（P＜0.05）,H1、F4和C1组之间的壳长生长差异不显著（P＞0.05）.C1组的成活率在整个养殖周期中为最小,除幼虫期3日龄外,其他各日龄均显著小于其他试验组（P＜0.05）,而H1、F1和F4组之间的成活率则差异不显著（P＞0.05）.试验组F1壳长生长的衰退率为2.92％ ～ 18.33％,平均值为（12.05±6.54）％,试验组H1在稚贝期、养成期显现出一定的衰退现象,而试验组F4在整个养殖周期中均未表现出近交衰退现象;各试验组的成活性状在各日龄均未出现近交衰退.该研究为橙色品系的选育奠定一定的理论基础.     

高精料日粮饲喂诱导泌乳奶牛发生乳脂抑制的机制

高精料饲喂导致奶牛乳脂率降低的相关机制目前还不清楚.本研究通过探究高精料饲喂对肝脏内乳脂前体代谢的影响,揭示奶牛(Bos taurus)发生乳脂抑制的相关机制,将10头泌乳期(25+5)d荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比4∶6(对照组)和6∶4(实验组)日粮.饲喂20周后实施肝脏血管瘘手术,护理4周,进行如下实验:1)统计奶牛产奶量,每周测定乳成分;2)采集空腹进出肝脏血液,检测甘油三酯(triglyceride,TAG)和游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)的含量;3)活体穿刺取肝脏组织,qRT-PCR检测肝脏中脂代谢相关基因的表达.结果表明,高精料饲喂6～l8周可提高产奶量,18周后乳脂率显著降低(P＜0.05).高精料组奶牛肝脏TAG和FFA的净输出含量显著(P＜0.05)或极显著降低(P＜0.01);肝脏中参与脂肪酸合成代谢的固醇调节元件结合蛋白-lc基因(sterol regulating element binding protein-1 c,SREBP-1c)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因(acetyl-coa carboxylase,ACC)和脂肪酸合成酶基因(fatty acid synthetase,FAS)表达显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)下调;参与脂肪酸分解代谢的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α基因(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α,PPARα)和肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1基因(carnitine palmitoyltransterase-1,CPT-1)表达显著上调(P＜0.05).高精料饲喂导致奶牛肝脏脂肪酸合成代谢减弱而分解代谢增强,肝脏内乳脂前体物发生重分配,乳脂前体物输出减少,影响了乳脂合成.本研究揭示了高精料饲喂导致奶牛乳脂率降低的机制,为改善奶牛乳脂率提供了理论基础.     

地表粗糙度对黄土坡面产流机制的影响

为探明地表粗糙度对坡面产流机制的影响,该研究通过室内与室外径流小区模拟降雨试验相结合,分析在3种雨强(60、90、120 mm/h)下粗糙坡面与平整坡面(坡度5°、10°、15°、20°)产流点位空间分布和坡面产流时间特征,阐明地表粗糙度对坡面产流机制的影响。结果表明:粗糙坡面与平整坡面产流点位沿径流方向的变异系数分别为34.4%~52.9%、15.5%~31.1%,即粗糙坡面产流点位较平整坡面更为分散。相较于平整坡面,地表粗糙度具有推迟坡面产流效应,且推迟效应随坡度、雨强增大而逐渐减弱。表明地表粗糙度在小坡度、小雨强条件下具有较强延迟坡面产流能力。地表粗糙度影响坡面产流一方面通过地表填洼的直接作用;另一方面通过增加降水入渗水头,增强坡面入渗能力的间接作用。通过坡面地表填洼量预测的初始产流时间与实测坡面产流时间比值范围为2.2%~36.2%,表明地表粗糙度间接作用为延迟坡面产流的主导作用。因此,该研究结果阐明了粗糙坡面的点状产流与坡面产流特征,进一步为粗糙坡面产流机制的揭示及地表粗糙度对坡面土壤侵蚀机理的影响提供了科学依据。     

Genetic Variation for Heat Tolerance During the Reproductive Phase in Brassica rapa

We investigated heat tolerance at the reproductive stage in six spring‐type B. rapa accessions and one B. juncea accession as a control. Plants were subjected to two temperature treatments for seven days in controlled environmental rooms, beginning one day before the first open flower on the main stem inflorescence. The high‐temperature treatment ranged from 25 °C to 35 °C during 16 h light and 25 °C during 8 h dark. The control temperature treatment was set at 23 °C during 16 h light and 15 °C during 8 h dark. Soil moisture was maintained at close to field capacity to avoid drought stress. Main stem buds that emerged during the treatment period were tagged, and pod and seed production was recorded at each reproductive node. Leaf temperature depression and leaf conductance increased in the high‐temperature treatment which indicated that plants were not drought stressed. A leafy vegetable type of B. rapa from Indonesia was the most tolerant to high temperature, as defined by its ability to set seed equally well in the control and high‐temperature treatments, followed by an oilseed type from Pakistan. Pollen viability remained above 87 % in all accessions and treatments. We conclude that bud number and length, and pod number produced under high temperatures, might provide a useful preliminary screen for high‐temperature tolerance and that B. rapa may be a valuable source of heat tolerance in canola (B. napus).