一种牦牛蚊蝇驱避剂作用效果观察

[目的]为了观察蚊蝇驱避剂对牦牛体表蚊蝇的趋避效果。[方法]选择10头成年牦牛,分为实验组和对照区,实验组使用驱避剂之后,观察比较牦牛体表蚊蝇数目,实验结束时采集牦牛血清检测谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶水平。[结果]表明,实验组牦牛明显不良反应,体表蚊蝇明显少于对照组,蚊蝇趋避效果作用明显,两组牦牛血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶水平无显著差异。[结论]说明牦牛蚊蝇驱避剂能效趋避蚊蝇,可以推广使用。     

柑桔大食蝇防治

柑桔大食蝇疫情呈逐年加重趋势,由于其发生面积大,危害损失重,疫区果实不准外销,给果农造成了巨大的经济损失,已成为柑桔生产上的第一大虫害。     

New observation of cone flies attacking cones ofPicea obovata andLarix sibirica in central Siberia

Two species of cone flies (Strobilomyia anthracina andS. svenssoni) emerged from puparia were collected under Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) trees in the central part of the Krasnoyarsk region, central Siberia. Parasites of the Figitidae and Braconidae families emerged from 28.1% of the puparia, and fungal and bacterial diseases destroyed 24.8% of the puparia. Weight and length of the puparia depended on the sanitary status. Two types of cone fly eggs were observed on spruce cones. At least three species ofStrobilomyia (S. Infrequens, S. laricicola, and S. sibirica) attacked cones of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) in central Siberia. (Responsible editor: Zhu Hong)     

美洲斑潜蝇发育历期和有效积温的研究

研究结果表明，美洲斑潜蝇的卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫的发育起点温度分别为１６．８２，１６．５６，１２．８２，１８．１６℃；有效积温分别为３３．４３，３２．４７，１１５．９５，３９．５０日度。并得出各虫态的发育历期与温度的４个关系式。本资料可用于美洲斑潜蝇的发生期及世代的预测。     

Insecticidal potency of novel compounds on multiple insect species of medical and veterinary importance

BACKGROUND: Vector‐borne diseases continue to present significant threats to human, animal and plant health. Mosquitoes, houseflies, sand flies and stable flies are well‐known vectors of several human and animal pathogens. The toxicity of selected semiochemicals with molecular structures indicative of insecticidal activity was determined against these insect species with the aim of developing novel insecticides toxic to multiple insect species. RESULTS: Three semiochemicals, namely beta‐damascone, cyclemone A and melafleur, showed remarkable toxicity to three mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti L., Ae. albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, the housefly, Musca domestica L., the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., and the sand fly, Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar). The chemicals were equally toxic to several field‐collected permethrin‐tolerant housefly strains. When formulated as 500 mL L^?1 emulsifiable concentrates, the chemicals demonstrated stability and toxicity on filter paper and camouflage military fabrics, with persistence up to 8 days under laboratory conditions. The chemicals were equally effective under field conditions when evaluated on unpainted plywood panels, although a higher dosage was required under field conditions to achieve similar efficacy. CONCLUSION: Laboratory quantification of LC₅₀ values and field efficacy of three semiochemicals as formulated compounds on mosquitoes, houseflies, stable flies and sand flies showed that these semiochemicals could serve as potent insecticides for multiple insect species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

新疆美洲斑潜蝇寄主种类及适合度的调查

通过乌鲁木齐、昌吉等地调查，发现新疆美洲斑潜蝇的寄主植物计有17科55种，其中蔬菜28种(变种)、大田作物8种，花卉和草坪植物13种、野生植物6种。以豆科、葫芦科植物受害最重。应用欧氏距离法的系统聚类分析，研究了美洲斑潜蝇对14种常见寄主植物的适合度；将其划分为5个类型，即最优适宜寄主、良好适宜寄主、适宜寄主、稍次适宜寄主和非适宜寄主。为害虫的防治决策提供了科学依据。     

从多毛野生番茄中初步鉴定出一个抗美洲斑潜蝇的显性基因

美洲斑潜蝇(LiriomyzasativaeBlandchard)是危害番茄生产的主要害虫之一,从番茄近缘野生种中挖掘优异的抗斑潜蝇基因,并研究抗虫基因的遗传,是番茄抗虫遗传改良的重要基础。将筛选到的高抗美洲斑潜蝇的野生多毛番茄(L.hirsutum)材料LA2329,与高感美洲斑潜蝇栽培番茄早粉2号杂交,并用早粉2号为母本与杂种F1回交,通过对各世代抗斑潜蝇的人工接种鉴定,初步判定该抗性由单显性基因控制。番茄属中由单显性基因控制的对斑潜蝇抗性,目前尚未见报道。该抗性基因的发现,将为今后番茄抗斑潜蝇育种提供宝贵资源,有望在不远的将来通过标记辅助育种手段而引入栽培番茄,为我国番茄生产中害虫的防治提供环保、经济而有效的科技支撑。     

Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Host Status and Relative Infestation of Selected Mango Cultivars in Three Agro Ecological Zones in Uganda

Despite their economic importance, there is paucity of knowledge on fruit fly host status in Uganda. Therefore, this study set out to profile the host range of the main fruit fly pests and determine the susceptibility of selected fruits and mango cultivars across three main mango agro ecological zones, which included: Western Medium High Altitude Farmlands (WMHF), Lake Victoria Crescent (LVC), and the Northern Moist Farmlands (NMF) in Uganda. A wide range of fruits was sampled across the three zones. These were incubated at the National Agricultural Research Laboratories following standard protocols. Emerging fruit fly species were identified using standard keys and counted. Among the sampled fruits, 633 (35.0%) individual fruits from 15 plant families were positive for fruit fly infestation. Bactrocera invadens dominated (76.3%) of the positive samples, while infestation by native species, such as Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis cosyra, was negligible. Annonaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, and Anacardiaceae plant families recorded significantly more host species, while the number of pest fruit flies (species richness) per plant species followed a similar trend: Solanaceae > Rutaceae > Anacardiaceae. There was significant (P < 0.0001) variability in infestation among mango fruit cultivars, both within and across zones. When all zones were pooled together, Tommy Atkins and Kent, and Keitt, Kate, and Biire were the least and most infested, respectively. In conclusion, fruit flies have a diverse range of commercial and non-commercial hosts in Uganda. Strategies for fruit fly pest eradication in the country should ensure elimination or management of alternative fruit hosts and integration of tolerant mango cultivars in fruit development programs.     

苦瓜抗瓜实蝇的遗传效应分析

用新化白苦瓜做母本P（2感虫品种）,广西野生苦瓜做父本P（1抗虫品种）进行杂交获得F1代。F1代分别与P1、P2回交获得两个回交世代B1和B2,同时F1代自交获得F2代。利用以上六个世代进行田间试验,在田间自然虫源条件下,对苦瓜植株果实抗虫性的遗传进行了研究,结果表明苦瓜对瓜实蝇的抗虫性是数量性状的遗传,符合加性-显性遗传模型,抗瓜实蝇的遗传以加性效应为主。     

海南岛冬种豇豆发生为害的斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂种类

斑潜蝇类是海南岛豇豆Vigna sesquipedalis的常见害虫,寄生蜂是其重要的自然天敌。为更好地保护利用天敌资源,充分发挥其在斑潜蝇绿色防控中的效能,笔者对海南省海口、琼海、儋州和三亚4个市县为害冬种豇豆的斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂的种类、寄生情况进行了田间调查。调查结果表明:为害海南岛冬种豇豆的斑潜蝇为三叶斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii(Burgess)和美洲斑潜蝇L.sativae Blanchard,两者的相对丰盛度分别为79.5%和20.5%;两种斑潜蝇混合发生,优势种群则因地而异:在海口和三亚是三叶斑潜蝇,在琼海和儋州则为美洲斑潜蝇;两种斑潜蝇的寄生蜂有5种,其中属茧蜂科的有甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus(Ashmead),属姬小蜂科的有底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysocharis pentheus(Walker)、异角亨姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus varicornis(Girault)、芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)和点腹青背姬小蜂N.punctiventris(Crawford),甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂和异角亨姬小蜂的相对丰盛度分别为51.8%和29.2%,是其中的优势种;寄生蜂对斑潜蝇的寄生率也因地而异,从高到低依次为:琼海51.4%、三亚45.4%、儋州17.0%、海口10.5%。海南岛冬种豇豆上斑潜蝇寄生蜂种类资源丰富、自然寄生率高,对寄生蜂应加以保护利用,充分发挥其控制斑潜蝇的效能。