A releaser pheromone that attracts methyltestosterone- treated immature fish in the urine of ovulated female rainbow trout

SUMMARY: Behavioral experiments concerning a releaser pheromone in the urine of female rainbow trout were performed using immature fish administered orally with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) during the non-spawning season. The urine was collected by catheter. The frequency of entries of test fish was recorded in each channel scented by test and control solutions in a Y-maze trough. The behavior of both MT-treated and control fish demonstrated that they could not discriminate the differences between distilled and environmental water as control solutions. There was also no difference between MT-treated and control fish when distilled and environmental water were introduced. The MT-treated immature fish were attracted to the channel scented by ovulated female urine. Neither coelomic fluid nor the immature female urine had any effect on the behavioral responses of MT-treated fish, while immature control fish had no preference for the urine of ovulated females. These results suggest in rainbow trout that ovulated female urine contains a releaser pheromone to attract mature males, and that androgens are involved in the sensory mechanisms detecting the releaser pheromone in fish.     

MB22木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

通过因素轮换试验和正交试验,对MB22菌产木聚糖酶的培养基配方和发酵条件进行了研究。结果显示最佳培养基组成是:以玉米芯粉和麸皮为碳源,麸皮120g/l,玉米芯280g/l,(NH4)2SO44g/l,CaCO31.5g/l,Tween80,2.0g/l,MgSO4·7H2O1.5g/l;最佳发酵条件为:起始pH5.0,摇床培养温度30℃,转速160r/min,振荡培养84h。在最佳发酵条件下,MB22菌的最高产酶活力可达898.23U/ml。虽然与一些高产菌株相比该菌株的产酶能力还有待于进一步提高,但该试验结果为进一步进行微生物生产木聚糖酶的研究提供了理论依据。     

肉仔鸡生长过程中行为与产热的变化

研究肉仔鸡成长过程中行为变化对产热量的影响 ,将 2日龄肉仔鸡 36只分为自由摄食、 50 %摄食和绝食 3组进行观测。立位行为集中在明期 ,特别是摄食 30min前后 ,暗期几乎没有出现立体行为。 2日龄时 ,每天约有 70 0min是立位的 ,其后 ,随着日龄的增加而减少。在自由采食区 ,公雏比母雏摄食时间长。 50 %摄食区较自由采食区的摄食时间少。在绝食区 ,随着日龄的增加 ,公母的立位时间呈现减少倾向。 2 1日龄之前随着日龄的增加其摄食时间也增加 ,其后呈现相反倾向。产热 (HP ,kJ/kg0 75)与摄食时间有相同倾向。在 2 1日龄前公雏的HP比母雏低 ,2 1日龄后母雏比公雏低。 1天中各个区的HP活动规律是摄食后 1h内最高 ,暗期降低 ;限制摄食量后 ,HP降低 ,明期和暗期的HP差也随之减小     

灵芝发酵产物对感染PCV-2病毒断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本研究以深层发酵灵芝为原料,评估灵芝发酵产物对感染猪圆环病毒-2(PCV-2)断奶仔猪生长发育及免疫功能的影响.试验1:选择160头21 d断奶的仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪.各组分别在基础日粮中添加0、50、100和150 mg/kg灵芝发酵产物.试验2:将120头21 d断奶的仔猪随机分为2组...     

饲养密度和硫辛酸对肉鸡血清指标、行为及骨骼发育的影响

本试验旨在研究高饲养密度条件下饲粮中添加硫辛酸(LA)对肉鸡血清指标、行为及骨骼发育的影响.试验选取健康状况良好、体重相近的1530只21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡,随机分成3组,即常规饲养密度组(ND组,15只/m2,饲喂基础饲粮)、高饲养密度组(HD组,18只/m2,饲喂基础饲粮)和高饲养密度+LA组(HD+LA组,...     

漏缝地板发酵床对育肥羊养殖气体排放的影响及微生物学机理

为明确漏缝地板发酵床对育肥羊养殖过程氨(NH₃)和温室气体排放特征的影响机制,本研究设置地面和漏缝地板发酵床两个试验处理,测定分析了育肥羊养殖过程NH₃、氧化亚氮(N₂O)、二氧化碳(CO₂)和甲烷(CH₄)的排放特征,并采用宏基因组学解析了影响上述气体排放的微生物学机理。试验结果表明,与地面相比,漏缝地板发酵床能够显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的NH₃排放(P<0.05),其NH₃排放速率为21.64～58.92 mg·m^-2·h^-1,NH₃累积排放量为86.36±1.06 g·m^-2,减排率达58.60%。漏缝地板发酵床同样也能显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的CH₄排放速率(P<0.05),其CH₄累积排放量为26.66 g·m^-2,减排率可达64.42%。然而,漏缝地板发酵床会使得...     

不同缢蛏群体应对高盐养殖环境的潜沙和摄食响应能力

为研究缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)生态行为应对高盐养殖环境的响应能力,以2个缢蛏群体(“申浙一号”群体SZSC和自然群体ZRSC)为实验对象,研究了不同盐度(20、24、28和32)对缢蛏群体潜沙行为、摄食生理的影响。对比2个群体潜沙指标和摄食率(FR)的差异,其中,潜沙行为实验设置盐度应激组(缢蛏从暂养池取出放进各盐度组开始实验)和胁迫组(缢蛏在各盐度条件下胁迫24 h后开始实验)。结果显示,SZSC的120 h半致死盐度为34.04,ZRSC的120 h半致死盐度为32.04。应激组中,SZSC的半数潜沙时间(BT50)显著大于ZRSC (P<0.05),盐度为24时,SZSC的BT50为4.2 min,显著低于盐度为28和32时的BT50;盐度为32时,SZSC潜沙深度分布更集中,潜沙率为88.33%,显著高于ZRSC(P<0.05)。而在胁迫组,SZSC中BT50显著低于ZRSC,潜沙率显著大于ZRSC (P<0.05)。摄食生理上,除对照组外,SZSC的FR均显著大于ZRSC(P<0.05),SZSC的FR在盐度为24时达到最大值[89.54 mL/(g·h)],显著大于其他盐度组(P<0.05)。研究表明,2个群体的生态行为均会受到盐度的影响,盐度越高,应激反应越强烈,其中,SZSC对高盐环境具有较好的耐受性。本研究从生态行为水平评估了2个缢蛏群体对高盐环境的耐受性,揭示了高盐养殖环境下缢蛏在底泥中的垂直分布情况和摄食能力,研究结果为进一步开展缢蛏耐高盐新品系的选育提供了理论参考。     

Habitat utilization and vertical movements of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) released from commercial and recreational fishing gears in the western North Atlantic Ocean: inferences from short duration pop-up archival satellite tags

Researchers have applied numerous techniques to improve billfish stock assessments, including habitat‐based models that incorporate behavioral and oceanographic parameters to standardize historical catch‐per‐unit‐effort time‐series data. These methods have allowed researchers to account for significant changes in the depths of pelagic longline (PLL) gear deployments over time. This study presents habitat‐use data recovered from high‐resolution 5‐ and 10‐day pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to 47 surviving white marlin released from commercial and recreational fishing gears offshore of the U.S. East Coast, the northern Caribbean, and Venezuela between 2002 and 2004. Data recovered from transmitting tags indicated that white marlin spent nearly half of their time associated with warm, near‐surface waters (<10 m). All fish displayed frequent short duration (mean: 39.8 min) vertical excursions from surface waters to depths averaging 51 m. Qualitative and multivariate classifications of data from completely transmitted movements of surviving white marlin revealed two major types of descents: one pattern was characterized by deep ‘V’‐shaped excursions of relatively short duration (mean: 23.4 min) while the other featured descents that were more broadly ‘U’‐shaped and confined to a specific depth range for an extended period of time (mean: 75.8 min). Based on the frequency, persistence, and patterns of these vertical movements, white marlin appear to direct a considerable proportion of foraging effort well below surface waters, a behavior that may account for relatively high catch rates of white marlin on some deep‐set PLL deployments.     

苹果酒酵母融合子W1发酵工艺参数的优化研究

该文利用所构建的苹果酒的模糊综合评判模型,以评判结果为目标,采用响应界面法研究了苹果酒发酵的规律,建立了优质苹果酒发酵的二次多项式数学模型,同时验证了模型的有效性,并考察了接种量、初始pH值和发酵温度对苹果酒品质的影响,优化出最佳发酵工艺参数为接种量5.33%、初始pH值3.37、发酵温度22.14℃。