Relative contributions from exposed inshore and estuarine nursery grounds to the recruitment of stone flounder, Platichthys bicoloratus, estimated using otolith Sr:Ca ratios

In Sendai Bay, stone flounder larvae settle and spend their juvenile period in either shallow exposed inshore nursery grounds or estuarine nursery grounds. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative contributions of these two kinds of nursery grounds to the flounder population using otolith strontium:calcium ratios. Stone flounder juveniles were collected from both nursery grounds, and one- and two-year-old flounder were caught deeper in Sendai Bay. Sr and Ca content in the otoliths were measured by electron probe micro analysis. The Sr:Ca ratios in the otolith section corresponding to the early postsettlement period ranged from 3.06 to 3.85 for the exposed inshore areas with stable low temperature and high salinity conditions, and from 3.81 to 5.32 in brackish estuaries with high temperature and low salinity conditions but with large diel and tidal cyclical fluctuations. Values from an estuarine site with stable salinity ranged from 3.58 to 4.15 overlapping with both the above ranges. Rearing experiments supported our inference that the high otolith Sr:Ca ratios of juveniles inhabiting estuarine nursery grounds are attributable to higher temperature and physiological stress caused by the large diel temperature and salinity fluctuations within the estuaries. Estimation of the Sr:Ca ratio of recruited fish using the otolith section formed while in the nursery area showed that at least 20 out of 42 individuals examined originated from estuarine nursery grounds. The present study indicates that estuaries play an important role as nursery grounds for stone flounder, producing about half of the stock in spite of the small and restricted area compared with the wide expanse of the exposed inshore area.     

思澜二级公路改建工程石拱桥加固利用

公路改建工程主要依托老路进行,旧桥加固利用是公路改建工程中重要的环节,对降低工程造价、缩短施工周期、缓解施工中的保通压力有其现实意义,针对思澜公路石拱桥加固利用,对老石拱桥加固技术和经济效益进行探讨。     

空心板板缝开裂的原因及预防措施

本文较为详细地论述了预制楼板裂缝产生的原因;预防预制楼板开裂的有效措施以及裂缝出现后的有效补救方法。     

Testing variability in pathogenicity ofPhytophthora cactorum, P. citrophthora andP. syringae to apple, pear, peach, cherry and plum rootstocks

The relative virulence ofPhytophthora cactorum andP. syringae originating from almond trees, and ofP. citrophthora originating from citrus, to apple, pear, peach, cherry and plum rootstocks, was studiedin vivo andin vitro. Results of the different experiments were in good agreement. All testedPhytophthora isolates showed little virulence to pear rootstocks-causing only minor crown rot symptoms - and no virulence at all to apple rootstocks. In contrast, they were highly virulent to stone fruit rootstocks, causing crown rot disease. The non-pathogenicity of these isolates to pome rootstocks could be interpreted as strict host specificity.     

石粉与减水剂兼容性试验研究

为发挥石粉生态混凝土绿色环保的特点,在满足规范和成本要求的条件下,提高石粉的利用价值,以确定适用减水剂类别.通过在石粉砂浆中应用4种常用的减水剂,研究了其不同减水剂环境下石粉砂浆和凝结时间及抗压强度之间的关系.结果表明:石粉砂浆在不同减水剂环境中凝结时间及抗压强度没有明显区别,进一步为高掺量石粉生态混凝土的应用与发展提...     

Nutrient and bulk density characteristics of soil profiles in six land use systems along topo-sequences in inland valley watersheds of Ashanti region,Ghana

The bulk density and nutrient distribution in soil profiles as affected by various land use systems were studied. Mean bulk densities of the various soil profiles, 0-20, 20-40, and 4060 cm in the selected five land use systems along the upland / lowland topo-sequences were, 1.26, 1.73, and 1.44 Mg m^-3 for the primary forest (PF) plot in the upland area, 1.13, 1.51, and 1.50 Mg m^-3 for the cacao farm (CP) plot, 1.16, 1.63, and 1.26 Mg m^-3 for the mixed cropping (MC) plot, 1.39, 1.61, and 1.50 Mg m-a for the fallow (Fallow) plot, all three land use systems being in the upland / fringe areas, and 1.46, 1.72, and 1.60 Mg m^-3 for the lowland traditional rice farming (TR) plot, respectively. The very high bulk density of the second layer, especially in the PF plot, may be related to the hardening of the iron / quartz stone layer due to prolonged dry conditions, which may affect plant growth and hydrological cycles in the benchmark inland valley watersheds. The TC contents of the topsoil samples were 43, 32, 24, 26, 18, and 15 g kgm^-1 for the PF, CP, Fallow, MC, TR, and sawah (Sawah) plots, respectively. The C / N ratios of the topsoil samples were 10, 10, 9.8, 9.1, 8.8, and 8.8 for the CP, Fallow, MC, Sawah, TR, and PF plots, respectively, displaying a higher natural fertility, especially for the N supply in the PF plot in the upland area. The available phosphorus levels were low even for the topsoil samples, 1.8 to 3.4 mg kg^-1 for the upland soils while the lowland TR and Sawah plots recorded values of 4.4 and 4.9 mg kg^-1, respectively. The contents of exchangeable K, 0.1-0.4 cmole kg^-1, of the topsoil samples were in the range of those of normal inland valley soils in West Africa. In contrast to the content of available P, although the MC plot showed a depletion, the PF, Fallow, and CP plots showed a replenishment of available K through biological nutrient cycling. The levels of exchangeable Ca and Mg as well as eCEC, were also relatively high compared to those of mean inland valley soils in West Africa. The major component of eCEC was Ex. Ca. The levels of Ex. Ca in the topsoil samples were 11.1, 9.1, 7.8, 4.7, 5.1, and 3.9 cmol_c kg^-1 for the PF, CP, Fallow, MC, TR, and Sawah plots, respectively. The distinctive feature of Ex. Mg was its large distribution in the upper soil profiles in the CP plot, indicating that in the cacao farms, Ex. Mg was enriched, probably due to the high level of Mg in the leaf litter. The lowland soils, normally, should have been enriched in exchangeable bases such as Ca, K, and Mg, leading to a higher eCEC value and higher general fertility through the process of geological fertilization, Le., nutrient flows from upland to lowland areas, as in the case of lowland sawah in monsoon Asia. At the benchmark sites, however, the effects of the geological fertilization process were not evident. This is one of the most important characteristics of West African inland valley watersheds.     

麦饭石和硝酸钾添加对石油污染土壤的生物修复作用

为研究麦饭石和硝酸钾对石油污染土壤的生物修复作用,本试验通过向石油污染土壤中投加麦饭石和硝酸钾,比较了两种修复剂对不同污染时长土壤中石油烃的去除作用和毒性抑制效果。结果表明：对于新污染土壤,施加硝酸钾和麦饭石修复110d后,总石油烃（Total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH）的去除率分别为12.03%和17.09%。其中,施加硝酸钾修复45 d时主要增强了土壤微生物的硝化潜力,修复后期（第46~110天）主要通过强化好氧反硝化作用实现对TPH的去除。对于陈旧性污染土壤,投加硝酸钾和麦饭石修复110 d后,TPH去除率分别为24.41%和22.07%,石油烃的去除主要发生在修复后期（第46~110天）。陈旧性污染土壤中添加硝酸钾提高了土壤微生物固氮和硝化潜力。麦饭石的添加对不同污染时长土壤中石油烃的去除主要通过吸附作用实现。蚯蚓急性毒性实验结果表明,麦饭石处理组蚯蚓7 d平均死亡率为35%,显著低于对照组的60%和硝酸钾处理组的100%死亡率,表明施入硝酸钾修复显著增强了土壤的生态毒性,施入麦饭石可降低石油污染土壤的生态毒性。研究表明,相比硝酸钾,麦饭石兼具石油烃去除和降低土壤生态毒性的作用,可作为一种优质修复剂处理石油污染土壤。     

光照驱动花生间作系统根际细菌群落结构演变和产量提升机制的研究

为探明间作体系中光照条件对矮杆作物产量及根际微生物群落影响的因果关系,本研究依托江苏省农业科学院玉米/花生间作长期试验平台,通过带状间作行朝向设置低光(LL)与高光(HL)条件,利用同位素标记和高通量测序技术,研究不同光照条件下矮杆花生根际光合碳分泌对根际细菌群落结构及作物产量的影响。结果表明：①提高花生冠层光截获增加了花生根际光合碳分配;②光照条件差异引起了花生根际细菌群落结构及关键细菌类群变化;③高光照条件通过改变间作花生根际功能细菌群落提升花生产量。研究结果为优化间作种植管理措施,增加高矮作物间作体系产量提供了新思路。