保山咖啡产业现状及发展对策

保山是云南省重要的咖啡产区之一,其地理、气候条件非常适宜咖啡生长,咖啡种植历史悠久、品质上乘,但目前市场占有率和品牌影响力不高。本文分析了保山市咖啡产业发展现状和存在的不足,从提高生豆精品率、提高精深加工率、提高品牌影响力和市场占有力、培育壮大市场主体、精准的政策供给等方面提出了做强做大咖啡产业的建议,以期为当地咖啡产业高质量发展提供参考。     

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON NICKEL ACCUMULATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COFFEE PLANTS DURING FRUIT DEVELOPMENT

Nutritional and physiological significance of micronutrients in coffee plants, especially with regard to nickel (Ni) is still unknown. The dynamics of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and Ni accumulation in coffee fruits, as well as their relationships with total soluble protein, amino acids, reducing sugars, and starch content during coffee fruit development (green, ripe, and dry fruits), were investigated. Coffee trees received three N fertilizer rates (0, 150, and 300 kg of N ha^?1) as ammonium sulfate split into three applications per year. Nitrogen fertilization increased reducing sugars and starch concentrations in ripe fruits. In contrast, green fruits showed the highest amino acid and Ni concentrations. Fruit Ni concentration decreased in both green and ripe fruits as N rates increased; thus, indicating the possibility of either a N-associated dilution effect on Ni concentration or that Ni uptake by roots and/or transport to developing fruit was limiting. Plant nutritional status and fruit development stage influenced the coffee grain chemical composition. Furthermore, the variation in reducing sugars and starch content was more closely linked to the stage of fruit development than to N supply. A supposed relationship among the decreased of caffeine, starch, amino acids, and proteins with Ni content during green fruit development suggests a fundamental role for Ni in coffee fruit ripening. The interaction between N and Ni metabolism during fruit ripening might influence the chemical parameters involved in the coffee grain quality. This is the first report documenting changes in Ni concentrations of coffee fruit as a function of N fertilization rates and the development stage, but further research is needed to better understand the significance of N-Ni interaction in developing coffee fruit.     

云南小粒速溶咖啡中百菌清提取净化方法研究

[目的]探讨云南小粒速溶咖啡中百菌清的最佳提取净化方法。[方法]分别采用石油醚-丙酮萃取法、固相吸附法及二氯甲烷-丙酮萃取法这3种不同的方法提取净化云南小粒速溶咖啡中的百菌清,并利用高效液相色谱进行加标回收测定,根据回收率的大小和净化方式的繁简,确定最适宜的百菌清测定方法。[结果]3种不同方法提取净化百菌清的加标回收率分别为85.3%、111.4%和118.7%。[结论]通过回收率及净化方式的比较可知,可利用固相吸附法对云南小粒速溶咖啡中的百菌清进行提取纯化。     

Interactive effects of coffee bean supplementation and waterborne zinc toxicity on growth performance,biochemical variables,antioxidant activity and zinc bioaccumulation in whole body of common carp,Cyprinus carpio L.

Roasted coffee powder (RCP; Coffea arabica) is usually used as a beverage for human but there are few attempts to use it as a natural feed supplement in fish diets. In this study, common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., (11.8 ± 0.09 g) were reared in zinc (Zn)‐containing water at concentrations of 0.0 or 5.0 mg/L and cosupplemented with 0.0 or 1.0 g RCP/kg diet for 6 weeks to investigate effects of RCP supplementation, Zn exposure and their interaction on fish performance, biochemical variables, antioxidant activity and Zn bioaccumulation in whole fish body. Fish growth and feed intake were significantly affected by RCP supplementation, Zn toxicity and their interaction. However, fish fed a RCP‐supplemented diet did not exhibit better performance than those fed the RCP‐free diet and both diets produced higher fish performance than the Zn‐toxicated fish. It is noticed that RCP supplementation to Zn‐toxicated fish enhanced their growth, and feed utilization as compared to Zn‐toxicated fish alone. Fish fed control and RCP‐enriched diets showed no significant differences in biochemical variables, which were significantly altered due to waterborne Zn toxicity. Moreover, Zn reduced significantly; meanwhile, RCP supplementation increased significantly superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Notably, Zn exposure could reduce fish growth and antioxidant activity and increase Zn deposition in whole fish body. And RCP intake could enhance the antioxidant activity exerting a protective effect against Zn toxicity, thereby reducing Zn bioaccumulation in whole fish body.     

云南小粒种咖啡豆精制加工工艺

论述了云南小粒种咖啡豆的精制加工工艺流程及工艺要点,其工艺经过试验验证,设计科学合理,可操作性强,并已投入生产使用。     

咖啡黑小蠹的发生规律及药剂防治研究

咖啡黑小蠢是近年在兴隆华侨农场严重危害中粒种咖啡的重要害虫。据1989年对4—5年生咖啡树调查,植株受害率100％,枝条受害率29.7—82.5％,虫害枯枝率7.65—17.8％。该虫以雌成虫钻蛀咖啡枝条为害,幼虫和成虫取食蛀道壁上的真菌菌丝。田间种群数量通常在3月上旬开始剧增,3月中下旬为高峰期,7月至10月田间虫口极少,11月以后逐渐有虫口及虫枯枝出现。温度是影响虫口波动的主要因素。2.5％溴氰菊酶、25％杀虫双、40％乐菊酯各兑水1000倍对成虫直接触杀效果显著,死亡率均为100％。48％乐斯本、40％氧化乐果400—800倍液等12种杀虫剂田间喷雾对咖啡枝条蛀洞内的成虫、蛹、幼虫防效均不明显。     

元谋县咖啡种植现状和发展浅议

简介云南元谋县咖啡种植历史、现状,存在问题,发展潜力和对策。     

咖啡小粒种六倍体和中小粒杂种四倍体胚乳的组织培养

进行了利用咖啡胚乳离体培养技术培育六倍体咖啡胚乳植株及四倍体中小粒种咖啡种间杂种的研究。结果表明:将小粒种咖啡自花授粉所得六倍性胚乳及以中粒种咖啡为母本、小粒种咖啡为父本进行杂交所获得的四倍性种间杂种胚乳,分别在附加有6-BA1~2mg/L和NAA2mg/L的改良MS培养基上培养,能诱导出有效的愈伤组织;在附加有6-BA或KT0.5mg/L,NAA0.1mg/L的改良MS培养基上,愈伤组织能分化出各种类型的胚状体;在附加有NAA或IBA0.5mg/L及2g/L活性炭的1/2MS培养基上,胚状体可被诱导生根而再生完整的六倍体咖啡胚乳植株和四倍体种间杂种咖啡胚乳植株。      

Breeding for resistance to coffee berry disease in Coffea arabica L. II. Inheritance of the resistance

Summary The inheritance of resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) has been studied by applying a preselection test to F₂ progenies of a half diallel cross between 11 coffee varieties with different degrees of resistance and to sets of parental, F₁, F₂, B₁₁ and B₁₂ generations of crosses between resistant and susceptible varieties. True resistance to CBD appears to be controlled by major genes on three different loci. The highly resistant variety Rume Sudan carries the dominant R- and the recessive K-genes. The non-allelic interaction between these two genes is of a duplicate nature. The R-locus has multiple alleles with R ₁R₁alleles present in Rume Sudan and the somewhat less effective R ₂R₂alleles in a variety like Pretoria, which also has the K-gene. The moderately resistant variety K7 carries only the recessive K-gene. The arabica-like variety Hibrido de Timor (a natural interspecific arabica x robusta hybrid) carries one gene for CBD resistance on the T-locus with intermediate gene action. It probably inherited this gene from its robusta parent. There is circumstantial evidence that the resistance to CBD is of a stable nature, but it is advisable to accumulate in one genotype as many resistance genes as possible by combining in the breeding programme the resistance of Rume Sudan with that of Hibrido de Timor.