黄土高原地区水资源承载力动态变化分析——以山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃4省为例

水资源承载力对地区经济可持续发展和群众生活的物质基础具有重要影响,是达到地区社会、经济和环境不断优化的关键.采用模糊综合评价方法,选取水资源利用率、降水量、人均占有水量和生态用水量为评价指标,对黄土高原4省1994-2004年的水资源承载力进行了综合及分区评价.结果表明:黄土高原4省水资源承载力在1994-2004年总体上呈缓慢上升趋势,说明水资源有向良性发展趋势;陕西和山西省水资源承载力较高,2省水资源开发利用有较大空间,甘肃和宁夏水资源承载力已趋于饱和,实施跨流域调水和节水措施势在必行.     

茎弯曲处理对番木瓜开花结果的影响

对“苏罗”和“台农2号”番木瓜2个品种植株进行茎弯曲处理,研究其对番木瓜开花结果的影响。结果表明,茎弯曲处理对“苏罗”和“台农2号”番木瓜都具有降低最低结果高度、增加长圆形果实和长圆形两性花数量的显著效应;当茎弯曲长度在20.00-35.00cm时,随着茎弯曲长度的增加,其对降低番木瓜最低结果高度、增加长圆形果实和长圆形两性花数量的效应愈强;茎弯曲处理对营养繁殖的“苏罗”和种子繁殖的“台农2号”番木瓜开花结果的影响趋势一致。     

基于地表水目标水质的畜禽粪便水环境承载力估算

针对南方水网地区畜禽养殖业发展受限问题,以浙江省江山港流域为研究对象,实地调研核定流域水污染物来源途径与入河污染负荷量;基于QUAL2K模型,建立地表水水质响应模型,评估江山港流域在达到目标水质时的畜禽粪便水环境承载力;运用情景分析法探究畜禽养殖与地表水水质响应关系。结果表明：1)2020年江山港流域入河负荷量为190.564 t（以氨氮计）,土壤流失、污水处理厂、化肥施用、有机肥施用和水产养殖分别占总负荷的70.0%、14.8%、11.0%、2.8%和1.4%。2）当水质目标设定为达到Ⅰ类和优于Ⅱ类时,江山港流域能承载畜禽最大养殖量分别为133.5万和1 622.1万头猪当量,当前养殖规模未超载。3）江山港流域地表水水质对畜禽养殖量的响应关系弱,畜禽养殖不是流域水环境保护的制约因素。建议江山港流域加强生态沟渠的建设与管理,协同实现畜禽养殖业发展与水环境保护。     

Growth,yield and fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ clementine grown on four rootstocks in Egypt

To evaluate the most appropriate rootstocks for mandarin production in Egypt, vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ clementine (as newly introduced cultivar in Egypt) grafted on Sour orange (the common rootstock), Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo were evaluated under the Egyptian conditions during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons. Trees were grown in a private farm at ‘Wady El-Mullak’ region, Ismailia Governorate (Latitude, 30°36′ N; longitude, 32°14′ E; Altitude, 10 m above sea level).     

A New Beam Column Element of Space Framed Structures for Nonlinear Analysis of Geometric Material

An incremental virtual work equation of three dimensional(3D) beam column element is proposed based on the UL method. The geometric nonlinear tangent stiffness matrix for 3D beam column element is deduced with the consideration of warping, shear deformation and effects of moment spatial rotation. Material nonlinearity is addressed by introducing plastic hinges at the element ends. And the Orbison sectional strength is modified in order to consider the effects of torsion moment and warping. The elastic plastic tangent stiffness matrix is acquired as the element ends are in plastic phase based on the flow theory. With a case studied, it is shown that the model can be used to predict accurately the ultimate bearing capacity and instability mode of 3Dspace frames by only one or two elements, and address the effects of warping and shear deformations effectively.     

An Approach for Estimating the Final Ultimate-bearing Capacity of Driven Pile In Soft Clay

The prefabricated pile,driven in soft clay,can squeeze the soil laterally in a certain scope around the pile,and the void ratio is reduced significantly;consequently,the shear bearing capacity is raised.But the soil parameter,which is used to estimate the capacity of pile,is reduced according to the soil state before the pile was driven.Then,a certain difference appears when the pile is working.The calculation result usually is partial to conservative.This paper analyzes the squeezing mechanism of the pile using the theory of cylindrical cavities expansion.And a formula,which is used to estimate the increment of shear bearing capacity of soil around the pile when excess pore water pressure from pile driving distributes completely,is presented based on the unique relation between the shear bearing capacity and the density of the soil.This formula can be used to estimate the final ultimate-bearing capacity of the pile.The calculated results by the proposed formula are in good agreement with those of the site measurement.     

Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.     

平欧杂种榛高接换种技术

榛子营养丰富、用途广泛,市场经济价值较高,但由于平欧杂种榛发展时间短,可参照经验少,加之品种特性差异大,在山西省的种植过程中发现部分品种抗旱性差、生长势弱、丰产性差、果实质量低等不良表现,亟需高接改良。鉴于此,笔者结合多年的高接换种试验,在高接时间、高接方法、高接后管理等方面,总结了高接换种技术。实践证明该技术操作简便,速度快,成活率高达95%以上,且成形快、结果早。     

农用水泵轴承材料的研究与应用

水泵作为一种通用机械,应用广泛,除用于抽水外,还可用来抽送酸碱盐溶液或固体粒块的浆状物。由于工作环境差,大大缩短了水泵的使用寿命。通过对农用泵使用情况的跟踪调查,发现泵中轴承损坏是导致水泵寿命缩短的关键。另外,由于泵的轴承所使用材料单一,不可能完全承受泵的上述工作条件,是造成轴承破(磨)损的主要原因。为此,以一种塑铜合金塑料(聚四氟乙烯加青铜粉)为材料,利用冷压烧结成型法,研制出了塑铜合金水泵轴承。经大量试验研究证明:该材料提高了水泵轴承抗拉、抗压和抗弯强度,增加了硬度,摩擦系数小,承载能力强,导热系数大,润滑性能好,使用寿命长达1500h,完全可以推广应用。     

地基极限承载力的无网格分析

在无网格伽辽金法的基础上,利用应力应变增量形式表征了基于Drucker-Prager屈服准则的土体弹塑性本构关系;在小变形假设的前提下,实现了基于增量本构关系的弹塑性分析的无网格伽辽金法;采用罚参数修正了能量变分方程式,方便地实现了无网格伽辽金法的本质边界条件;并采用Newton-Raphson增量迭代法计算地基土体的极限荷载,其分析结果与静载试验结果吻合较好,验证了本文方法的合理性,进一步拓展了无网格伽辽金法的应用范围.同时与有限元计算结果作了对比研究,体现了无网格法的优越性.