Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

紫外辐照对产α-ALDC枯草芽孢杆菌的诱变效应

采用紫外诱变(波长260nm，功率15w)对一株产α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）BS059菌株进行诱变处理。结果表明，在紫外辐照时间为50s时，诱变效果较好。从正突变菌株中反复筛选，得到两株产酶量较高的菌株BS059-15和BS059-22，比原出发菌株的酶活分别提高了107.62%和162.25%。经过连续传代试验，证明其遗传性状稳定，为可遗传变异。     

土壤微生物菌肥在盐碱地造林中的作用

从我国内蒙古磴口地区的甘草、紫花苜蓿、樟子松、苦豆、刺槐、紫穗槐、沙棘等盐碱地植物根际土壤中分离出固氮微生物10株,从中筛选出3株固氮芽孢杆菌.经鉴定,1株(96-10)为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),2株(96-02;96-05)为蜂房芽孢杆菌(Baeillus alve).以草炭为载体制备成微生物菌剂,分别在内蒙古磴口地区和陕西榆林试验区,对10种树种进行了田间施肥试验,获得一定的效果.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌研究回顾与展望

回顾了苏云金芽孢杆菌发展的历史,综述了资源、鉴定与分类、分子生物学包括cry基因、vip基因chi基因、aliA基因,生物信息学、生态学、安全性及产品化等问题,并对今后的发展提出一些意见。     

核桃炭疽病高效生防菌株鉴定及抑菌活性

在对土壤有益微生物的分离、筛选中获得4株对核桃炭疽病菌具有较强抑制活性的拮抗细菌(编号分别为PF-1,PF-2,Bs-03,Bf-02)。通过对菌株的形态特征、染色反应、培养性状、生理生化特征、染色反应、培养性状、生理生化特性等试验项目,初步鉴定Bf-02为坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus),Bs-03为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacil-lus subtilis),PF-1为幼虫芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lacivae),PF-2为短芽孢杆菌(Bacillus brevis)。采用平板对峙培养法测定4株拮抗细菌对核桃炭疽病菌抑菌活性,4株拮抗细菌对核桃炭疽病菌具有较强的抑制活性,抑菌率均达到83%以上,抑制活性最强的是PF-2,抑菌率为88.47%,与其它3株拮抗细菌的抑菌率在P<0.05水平上具有显著性差异。其次为PF-1,抑菌率为86.11%,Bs-03和Bf-02的抑菌率在P<0.05水平上无显著性差异。     

应用VITEK2全自动微生物鉴定系统检测养殖用水中的大肠杆菌

采用国家相关的检验养殖用水标准方法、API 20E微生物生化试验、VITEK2全自动微生物鉴定系统，对养殖用水样品进行了大肠杆菌的检测方法比较和鉴定。VITEK2鉴定系统自动打印的实验报告和API 20E微生物生化试验的判读比对结果显示：3个参试样品分别为阴沟肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌和大肠埃希菌，VITEK2与API 20E两种方法的鉴定结果符合率100%。从实验可知，利用VITEK2全自动微生物鉴定系统，对被污染的养殖用水中细菌源的鉴定速度快，方法简便，结果准确、实用。此方法也可用于各种污染环境及食品污染源的     

微生物发酵制备香蕉抗性淀粉研究

研究了微生物发酵法制备香蕉抗性淀粉,通过单因素的底物浓度、pH值、发酵温度和时间预试验范围,采用均匀设计优化试验,经Uniform Design3.0进行数据处理与分析,得到高纯度抗性淀粉的最佳组合参数为:芽孢杆菌接种量为体积分数3.69%,最适发酵pH值为4.83,发酵温度为36℃,发酵时间为12h,得到的抗性淀粉纯度最高为98.5%。     

产芽孢木质素降解菌MN-8的筛选及其对木质素的降解

【目的】分离、筛选产芽孢的高效木质素降解细菌,并进一步研究其对木质素的降解作用,为木质素微生物降解规模化应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用苯胺蓝（Azure-B）变色圈法,结合木质素降解酶活力测定从牛粪中分离筛选出产芽孢的木质素降解菌。通过形态特征观察、生理生化试验、16S rDNA以及gyrB序列分析对其中活性最强的菌株进行种属鉴定。利用菌株进行玉米秸秆堆积发酵,监测发酵过程中木质素过氧化物酶（LiP）酶活力、锰过氧化酶（MnP）酶活力以及玉米秸秆中木质素含量的变化,考察菌株对玉米秸秆木质素的降解作用。利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）方法对菌株发酵后玉米秸秆中的木质素降解产物进行分析,推测菌株对木质素的降解机制。【结果】分离筛选到一株活性较高的产芽孢的木质素降解细菌MN-8,经形态特征观察、生理生化试验以及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定菌株MN-8属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）。利用16S rDNA序列分析发现MN-8菌株与地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）和解淀粉芽孢杆菌（B. amyloliquefaciens）同源性均高于99%。而基于gyrB序列构建的系统发育树显示,该菌株与解淀粉芽孢杆菌同源性最高,为99%。因此确定MN-8菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。在玉米秸秆堆积发酵16 d后木质素降解率可达24%;发酵的6-8 d及10-12 d 两个阶段内,分别出现MnP酶活力及LiP的产酶高峰期,相对应两个阶段内秸秆木质素的降解最为显著;GC/MS分析显示菌株MN-8可将玉米秸秆中木质素降解成4-羟基-3,5二甲氧基苯乙酮等芳香族类化合物及短链脂肪酸类等小分子物质。【结论】高效木质素降解菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌MN-8可以通过断裂木质素单体之间的连接键β-O-4,高效降解秸秆木质素成为小分子芳香族化合物等物质,且其对秸秆木质素的降解依赖于LiP及MnP的产生。     

岭脊法分析具有高产EPS特性的乳酸菌的发酵酸乳条件

研究了分别具有高产EPS的乳球菌与乳杆菌的比例、发酵温度、接种量三因素对酸乳生产与品质的影响。通过Box-Behnken试验设计与岭脊分析最终确定球菌与杆菌比4:1、接种量2.9%、发酵温度36℃作为最优发酵酸乳条件。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B_1、B_2液对“黄河蜜”瓜采后黑斑病和粉霉病的抑制效果

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌B1、B2的活菌液、代谢液对“黄河蜜”甜瓜采后黑斑病和粉霉病的抑制效果。离体条件下,B1、B2活菌液对黑斑病菌(A.alternata) 的抑制率分别达到100 %和94 %,而对粉霉病菌(T.roseum)的抑制率均达到100 %。离体条件下,B1、B2活菌液均能显著抑制“黄河蜜”甜瓜采后黑斑病和粉霉病的侵染和扩展。B1、B2代谢液显著抑制粉霉病的扩展,但对黑斑病的扩展无抑制效果。