Decreased transport of orally administered protein into the blood circulation of developing juveniles of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

ABSTRACT: To clarify the quantitative changes in the transport of orally intubated protein into the blood circulation as macromolecules in development, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken eggs was administered orally to juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . For the first experiment, which was performed before the commencement of artificial feeding, the oral delivery of 2.0 μg/0.1 g bodyweight of IgY resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgY to a maximum of 2.30 μg/mL. However, the transport of IgY into the blood decreased significantly in the experiments that followed, which were performed after 12, 25 and 42 days. During this period, bodyweight increased approximately by a factor of eight, and rapid growth of the stomach was observed histologically. Possible contributions for the development of the alimentary canal to the diminishment of intestinal protein assimilation are discussed.     

The effect of hydration status on the echocardiographic measurements of normal cats

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of cardiomyopathy of cats is based on 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. However, circulating fluid volume largely determines diastolic cardiac chamber dimensions, and reduced diastolic volume in other species results in what has been called "pseudohypertrophy of the ventricular myocardium." HYPOTHESIS: Altered hydration produces changes on 2D echocardiography that may confound the diagnosis or severity assessment of cardiomyopathy of cats. ANIMALS: Ten normal colony-sourced mixed breed cats were included. METHODS: Cats were examined by echocardiography at baseline and at completion of 3 protocols (volume depletion and maintenance-rate and anesthetic-rate IV fluid administration) applied in randomized crossover design with a 6-7 day washout period. RESULTS: Volume depletion increased diastolic left ventricular interventricular septal (IVSd) and free wall diameter (4.5 +/- 0.4 to 5.8 +/- 0.6 mm; P < .001) with wall thickness exceeding 6 mm in 4 cats. Diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (LVIDd) decreased, and reduction in systolic left ventricular internal diameter (LVIDs) produced end-systolic cavity obliteration in 7 cats. Left-atrial-to-aortic-root ratio (LA: Ao, 1.4 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.1, P < .05) and left atrial area in diastole (LAAd) decreased with volume depletion. Maintenance-rate IV fluid administration increased LAAd and fractional shortening (FS%). Anesthetic-rate IV fluid administration increased LVIDd, FS%, LAAd, and LA:Ao ratios (to 1.7 +/- 0.1, P < .01), producing an LA: Ao ratio above normal limits in 6 cats. A systolic heart murmur developed with administration of fluid at maintenance (n = 1) and anesthetic rates (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS: Altered hydration status produces changes in the echocardiographic examination of normal cats that may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of cardiomyopathy or mask its presence. Hydration status should be considered during echocardiographic examination in cats.     

Synovial fluid and plasma concentrations of ceftiofur after regional intravenous perfusion in the horse

OBJECTIVE: To determine radiocarpal (RC) joint synovial fluid and plasma ceftiofur concentrations after regional intravenous perfusion (RIP) and systemic intravenous (IV) administration. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental cross-over study. ANIMALS: Five normal adult horses. METHODS: One RC joint was randomly selected for RIP and the contralateral RC joint was sampled to determine intrasynovial ceftiofur concentrations after IV administration. Wash-out between IV and RIP was > or = 14 days. After surgical introduction of an intraarticular catheter, ceftiofur (2 g) was administered under general anesthesia either IV or by RIP after tourniquet application. Plasma and synovial fluid were collected over 24 hours. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and the results were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed effect model. RESULTS: Mean synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations were consistently higher after RIP than after IV administration and were > 1 mug/mL (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] for common pathogens) for >24 hours. Mean synovial fluid peak concentration of ceftiofur after RIP and IV administration was 392.7+/-103.29 microg/mL at 0.5 hours postinjection (HPI) and 2.72+/-0.31 mug/mL at 1 HPI, respectively. Large variations in synovial fluid and plasma ceftiofur concentrations were observed between horses regardless of administration technique. RIP did not cause adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Under the present experimental conditions RIP with ceftiofur (2 g) induced significantly higher intraarticular antibiotic concentrations in the RC joint in comparison with IV administration. Moreover, after RIP, synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations remain above the MIC for common pathogens (1 microg/mL) for > 24 hours. No adverse effects from the technique or the antibiotic were observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RIP with high doses of ceftiofur may be a beneficial adjunctive therapy when treating equine synovial infections which are caused by cephalosporin susceptible microorganisms.     

我国和欧盟兽药质量监督抽检工作机制对比研究

为更好地完善我国兽药质量监督抽检计划,通过对欧盟药品抽检管理工作机制的研究,本文分析了欧盟和我国兽药监督抽检管理方式的不同,从抽检责任部门、抽检目的、抽检计划内容、抽检计划制定流程、抽检品种的遴选和检测参数的确定等6方面进行了对比分析,探讨我国兽药质量监督抽检工作的管理中可以借鉴的方面。     

关于完善农业科研单位激励机制的思考

文章以濮阳市农科院现行的科研激励机制为例,指出了激励机制中存在的问题,并提出要建立一套完善的激励机制,就要物质激励和精神激励并重,激励机制与约束机制并存,同时要建立动态化的激励制度。要针对不同层次、不同成长阶段的科研人员,制定不同的科研目标、评价体系、奖励标准和激励措施。对科研管理人员要建立灵活多样的激励措施,使科研单位的每一个成员都在激励中顺利成长。     

抗菌肽CecropinB对人工感染大肠杆菌雏鸡的治疗效果研究

以1日龄来航蛋雏鸡为试验对象,研究重组抗菌肽CecropinB治疗雏鸡大肠杆菌感染的效果.120只雏鸡分6个组,每组20只,其中不同剂量抗菌肽治疗组又分为口服和肌内注射两个不同的处理,每个处理10只.致死剂量大肠杆菌肌内注射24 h后,肌内注射和口服不同浓度的重组CecropinB抗菌肽,连续治疗5 d.结果表明,重组抗菌肽CecropinB对大肠杆菌病有较好的治疗效果.其中高剂量(0.75 mL)口服组的效果最佳,治愈率达到80%,中剂量(0.5 mL)口服组与高剂量肌内注射组治愈率同为70%.中剂量肌内注射组与环丙沙星组效果一致,治愈率达到60%,低剂量抗菌肽治疗组治疗效果不如上述所有治疗组.与感染对照组相比,所有组别的雏鸡死亡率显著降低.     

传统与现代之间：南京国民政府时期地方卫生防疫机制探察——以安徽为中心

南京国民政府时期,中国卫生防疫行政体系渐趋粗成,彰显了政府成为公共卫生主导性行为主体的现代面相,然而其时地方卫生防疫事务的开展仍有赖于社会力量的积极参与和内外推动,又使得地方卫生防疫机制带有鲜明的传统特色。这种传统不仅是其时中国卫生行政粗陋建构的映照,更是绅商等社会人士和组织热心公益、践行家国情怀这一中华优秀传统的彰显。因此,某种意义上可以说,南京国民政府时期走在传统与现代之间的地方卫生防疫机制,也是西方倡导的现代公共卫生“遭遇”中国传统后形成的一种在地化表现。