猪肺炎支原体膜蛋白的电泳分析及免疫印迹检测

以猪肺炎支原体Z株为试验材料,采用SDS-PAGE和Western印迹对该菌膜蛋白进行了分析。研究表明:猪肺炎支原体经A_(26)液体培养基培养,15000 r/min离心收集菌体细胞,低渗超声法破膜获得膜制剂后,应用12.5％的凝胶对膜蛋白进行SDS-PAGE分离,在电泳图谱上呈现出36条蛋白带,相对分子质量范围为1.18×10~4～9.12×10~4。同时以膜制剂作为抗原,分4次免疫试验兔,心脏采血,提取抗血清,并分离纯化得到IgG,然后进行Western印迹法检测。其结果发现在SDS-PAGE分离得到的36种膜蛋白(或多肽)中,有6种蛋白具有免疫原性。     

‘新红星’苹果果实蔗糖合酶的活性及亚细胞定位

 在‘新红星’苹果果实发育过程中, 伴随果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的积累, 蔗糖合酶的分解活性逐渐下降, 而合成活性逐渐升高。苹果果实的蔗糖合酶由分子量为90 kD 的亚基组成, 其免疫信号强度随发育进程而增加。蔗糖合酶主要定位于果肉细胞的细胞质中, 发育中后期该酶的分布密度有一定增加。综合结果认为, 蔗糖合酶调控发育早期蔗糖的降解和发育后期蔗糖的积累。     

试析费孝通西部大开发的人文生态思想

著名社会学家费孝通先生为了西部的发展开展了广泛的社会调查,研究了当地少数民族的历史和现状。他发现有关西部开发主要集中在物质文明和经济利益层面,忽略了文化艺术。在费孝通看来,西部的贫困与生态失衡之间有着密切的关系,他指出生态平衡是西部大开发的根本,民族共同繁荣是西部大开发的重点,人文资源是西部大开发的宝库。因此,他提出要保护、开发和利用西部的人文资源,认为只有将人文和地理结合起来考察西部的开发,才是我国经济发展逐步发育成熟的表现,只有这样才符合邓小平关于我国现代化建设＂两个大局＂战略思想,符合我国全面推进社会主义现代化建设的战略部署     

Citizens’ perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space: Results from selected Southeast European cities

In this paper the results of the first comprehensive study on perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space in seven Southeast European cities are presented. The aims of the paper are to analyse 1) citizen perceptions of the current state of urban forests and green space in their cities, 2) to what extent current urban forests and green space meet their needs and how this can be improved. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a common face-to-face survey questionnaire. Respondents were selected based on census data though a stratified sampling procedure by taking into account age, gender and city district (n = 384 in each city). The results showed that citizens genuinely care for urban forests and green space in their cities, but are not satisfied with their current state. The respondents found issues related to misbehaviour of other users, the presence and quality of facilities, as well as the presence and quality of management or maintenance the most pressing. There were more statistically significant differences than similarities between cities. Socioeconomic variables explained perceptions only to some extent. Citizens were very supportive of educational campaigns about the importance of urban forests and green space as well as of better enforcement of the existing regulations though having more community wardens that were expected to tackle current unsatisfactory situations. Urban planning and urban forest and green space management in these cities are facing many problems characteristic for post-socialist countries. Study findings are expected to contribute to decision making in urban planning and natural resource management.     

Economics of foliar fungicides for hard red winter wheat in the USA southern Great Plains

Grain yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains are often reduced by the presence of foliar diseases. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of foliar fungicides is an economically optimal management strategy. The effects of fungicide treatment on commercially available hard red winter wheat varieties with differing levels of genetic resistance (i.e., resistant, intermediate, and susceptible) to foliar diseases were investigated at two locations, Apache and Lahoma, OK, USA, for the harvest years 2005–2012. Two fungicides were rotated between the two locations and applied at approximately Feekes growth stage 9–10.5. When averaged across years, plots to which fungicide was applied generated greater average net returns than plots that did not receive fungicide for susceptible varieties at Apache, and for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible varieties at Lahoma. However, foliar fungicide application was not economical in every year at either location suggesting fungicide use should be reassessed each year given that profitability depends on year specific yield potential, prices, and foliar disease conditions. At both locations high disease incidence occurred in all but one site-year when the average March through May relative humidity exceeded 65%. Additional research would be required to determine the relationship between weather, including relative humidity, and disease incidence, and to develop an economic threshold for treatment decision aid.     

广州近代城市公园的中西合璧特征探析

广州近代城市公园设计精巧,风格独特,在岭南造园史上具有重要地位。结合历史图文资料,运用风景园林史学和风景园林美学相结合的研究方法,归纳分析其造园特征。广州近代城市公园的中西合璧特征主要体现在3个方面:因地制宜的空间布局、中西融合的建筑小品、多姿多彩的植物景观。探析其中西合璧特征,有利于丰富岭南近代园林历史与理论研究,推进对广州近代城市公园的保护与造园智慧的传承。     

盛夏西太平洋副热带高压对陕西降水的影响

利用1961-2008年陕西78个气象站7-8月降水资料、西太平洋副高逐月指数资料及500hPa位势高度场和700hPa风场月平均再分析资料,通过相关、回归分析、小波凝聚谱分析等方法探讨盛夏西太平洋副热带高压对陕西降水的影响及机制,为盛夏陕西降水的气候预测提供依据.结果表明,盛夏副高强度、脊线、西伸脊点指数与陕西降水关系密切,副高偏强偏西时陕西降水偏多,副高偏北时陕西北部降水偏多、南部偏少.8月副高3个指数与陕西降水的相关关系更为密切,通过显著性检验的站点明显增多.副高的强度和位置变化引起副热带和中高纬度大气环流的异常,进而影响陕西降水.8月副高偏强偏西时,巴尔喀什湖阻高增强,700hPa西南季风的水汽输送增强,陕西位于冷暖空气交汇区,降水偏多;副高偏南时,水汽辐合区位于陕南,陕西南部多雨、北部少雨;副高偏北时,水汽辐合区位于陕北,陕西北部多雨、南部少雨.8月副高强度指数与同月陕西降水的显著共振周期为7 ～8a,且副高强度变化超前于陕西降水变化1.26a,说明8月副高强度的年际变化是引起同月陕西降水年际变化的重要原因.     

甘肃西部地区土地与气候资源现状及农业可持续发展战略

甘肃西部地区的土地资源和气候资源十分丰富,对当地经济发展起着重要的作用,但是利用率极低,已经严重制约了该地区的农业和经济发展。因此,在甘肃西部地区合理利用土地资源和气候资源,对该地区农业的可持续发展具有战略意义。调查和研究表明,土地资源和气候资源的合理开发利用与农业可持续发展是相互促进,相辅相成的。为了合理利用甘肃西部地区土地资源和气候资源,促进该地区农业可持续发展,我们必须遵循自然规律,加强政府部门监督和合理开发并重的原则。     

渔业公共资源管理的制度经济学探讨

渔业公共资源管理既是一个国际性难题,也是我国渔业现代化和市场经济进程中,必须面对和妥善解决的渔业公共资源问题.本文重点分析了当前我国渔业公共资源存在的冲突矛盾,揭示其内在共性特征,总结了福建省渔业公共资源管理的经验和管理模式,结合渔业公共资源管理现状,提出了进一步完善我国渔业公共资源管理的制度设计思路和体制机制设计的原则,研究了适应我国社会主义市场经济条件下的渔业公共资源管理思路.     

A rapid extensigraph protocol for measuring dough viscoelasticity and mixing requirement

The extensigraph is particularly useful in characterizing dough viscoelastic properties; however, testing throughput for standard method is low due to the prerequisite for farinograph water absorption, long dough resting and milling to prepare large amounts of flour. Therefore, a rapid extensigraph method was developed that reduced sample size (165 g wheat) for milling and more than tripled throughput. Wheat is milled in Quadrumat Junior mill with a modified sieving system. The resulting flour (100 g) was mixed with a pin mixer at constant water absorption to allow the evaluation of wheat genotypes at the absorption level they are expected to perform. Dough was subsequently stretched by an extensigraph after 15 min of floor time and 30 min resting. Strong correlations for extensigram R_max (r > 0.93), extensibility (r > 0.64) and area (r > 0.88) were found for the proposed method compared to the standard method. Mixing parameters (time and energy) obtained during dough preparation provided further information about dough strength and mixing requirement. By significantly reducing sample size requirement and increasing testing throughput, this rapid extensigraph method can be widely adopted in milling and baking industry and meets the need for a fast evaluation of dough strength in breeding trials.