羊痘的研究进展

羊痘病毒能引起山羊痘、绵羊痘和牛的结节性疹块病。羊痘是以发热、全身性的皮肤损伤、痘疹和淋巴结病变为特征。羊痘病毒是所有动物痘病毒中最为重要的一种，严重影响养羊业和国际贸易的发展。本文从病原学、流行病学、诊断和预防控制等方面对羊痘做一综述。虽然此病从临床症状和宿主特异性上很容易做出诊断，但进一步的实验室确诊还是必要的，现已有多种检测方法和诊断试剂。控制该病最有效的方法还是使用疫苗对易感动物进行免疫接种。     

金融时间序列指标判别框架：以特质波动率为例

基于拐点集合判别的TBUD方法主要思路是分析拐点集合间的关系，并在高维空间进行划分，从而搭建判别模型，并将分析框架应用在特质波动率等若干指标上，利用实证数据得到结论。应用TBUD判别框架可以发现，特质波动率等指标无法对拐点集合进行清晰划分，因而并不具有预测能力。     

甘蓝型油菜依赖焦磷酸的磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)基因片段克隆及hpRNAi载体构建

依赖焦磷酸的磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)是糖酵解途径的关键酶。本研究首先构建带有种子特异性napin启动子和Nos终止子的植物表达载体2300-nap及带有组成型35S启动子和Nos终止子的植物表达载体2300-35S;然后用PCR法从甘蓝型油菜(BrassicanapusL.)中油119总基因组中扩增出依赖焦磷酸的磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)基因片段,再以扩增出的PFK基因片段作模板设计引物扩增出一个相应的小片段。将两个PFK基因片段反向连接,插入到植物表达载体2300-nap的napin启动子和nos终止子之间,植物表达载体2300-35S的35S启动子和nos终止子之间,分别构建成可转录表达出发夹RNA(hairpinRNA,hpRNA)结构的种子特异型和组成型油菜RNA干扰载体,为今后油菜利用RNA干扰(RNAi)提高含油量的基因工程研究奠定了基础。     

基于时间序列的中、美、欧盟生猪市场相互影响关系研究

为了考察国外生猪市场价格对国内生猪市场价格的影响以及影响程度和可能的影响机制,运用向量误差修正模型和Vector Autoregression模型,对美国、欧盟生猪市场价格波动和国内生猪市场价格波动之间的互动关系及传导效应进行了实证分析。根据Johansen检验和恩格尔-格兰杰两步法对中国、欧盟和美国的猪肉市场进行检验发现,国内生猪市场价格与欧盟、美国生猪市场价格之间存在着长期均衡关系。中国、美国、欧盟生猪市场之间存在着一个内在的、相互影响的价格均衡调节机制,预示着中国的养猪户与美国、欧盟的生猪生产者有着相同或类似的竞争环境。为了确保我国广大生猪养殖散养户的效益,建议在创建生猪市场价格预警体系时,我国应重点考虑国外生猪市场价格对我国生猪市场价格的影响。为维护生猪价格的稳定,建立中、美、欧盟3国(地区)共同的生猪市场信息交流、价格预警体系非常重要。     

最小二乘支持向量机在太湖流域水质评价中的应用

为客观、准确地评价水质状况,从而为水污染防治和水资源合理开发利用提供科学指导,根据最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的基本原理,引入其分类算法构建太湖流域的水质评价模型,以太湖流域5个重点断面为研究对象,通过对已知训练样本进行学习训练,对测试样本的水质等级进行评价,并将其结果与BP神经网络、判别分析法相比较。结果表明,LS-SVM在太湖流域水质评价方面有着更出色的效果,可为太湖流域水资源管理提供新的参考方法。     

Cytochrome P-based resistance mechanism and pyrethroid resistance in the field Anopheles albimanus resistance management trial

The relative rates of cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ selection in southern Mexican Anopheles albimanus populations were investigated during a 3 years indoor residual house spraying intervention with a pyrethroid (PYR) or DDT, a mosaic of organophosphate (OP)-PYR, and the annual rotation of OP-PYR-carbamate (CARB). This insecticide resistance mechanism, initially evenly spread in the mosquito population, correlated with PYR resistance during the second treated year, when cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ contents increased in most villages of the PYR, rotation and mosaic schemes. However, by the third year, mean cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ contents declined to susceptible levels in mosquitoes of the rotation and one mosaic group but not in the PYR-treated villages. In DDT-treated villages, a continuous decrement of cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ levels occurred since the first treatment year, and susceptible levels were observed at the end of the intervention. Most correlations of cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ levels and PYR resistance were lost during the third year, indicating that another mechanism evolved in resistant mosquito populations.     

Roles of stolbur phytoplasma and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Reptalus panzeri</Emphasis> (Cixiinae,Auchenorrhyncha) in the epidemiology of Maize redness in Serbia

Maize redness (MR), a disease causing midrib, leaf and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development in maize, has been reported from Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria for 50 years. Recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40%–90% in southern Banat, Serbia. MR was recently associated with the presence of the stolbur phytoplasma, although the epidemiology of the disease remained unknown. Diseased fields in southern Banat were surveyed for potential vectors of the phytoplasma during 2005 and 2006, and high populations of Reptalus panzeri were found. In affected fields, 20% of the R. panzeri individuals and 85% of symptomatic maize plants carried the stolbur phytoplasma. When stolbur phytoplasma-infected R. panzeri were introduced into insect-free mesh cages containing healthy maize plants, midrib and leaf reddening developed on 48% of plants and stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 90% of the symptomatic plants. No symptoms or phytoplasma-positive plants were found in cages without insects. These data indicate that MR symptoms are associated with the stolbur phytoplasma. Reptalus panzeri is both abundant in affected fields and can transmit the stolbur phytoplasma, indicating the insect is likely to be a major vector of MR.     

circADAMTS16的表达谱分析及其对牛脂肪细胞分化的影响

旨在探究 circADAMTS16在牛不同组织和前体脂肪细胞中的表达水平及其对牛脂肪细胞分化的影响，为进一步研究circRNA在细胞分化和脂肪组织发育过程中的调控作用提供依据。采用组织块法分离培养牛原代前体脂肪细胞并诱导分化，模拟牛脂肪组织生长发育过程；通过qRT-PCR检测 circADAMTS16在牛不同组织（心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉、脂肪）和脂肪细胞分化不同阶段（0 d、2 d、4 d、8 d、10 d）的表达水平；构建 circADAMTS16的过表达载体（pCD2.1- circADAMTS16），设计合成 circADAMTS16的小干扰RNA （si- circADAMTS16），采用（Lipofectamine3000）转染试剂将pCD2.1- circADAMTS16和si- circADAMTS16转染牛前体脂肪细胞，利用qRT-PCR法检测转染效果，同时检测脂肪分化标志基因PPARγ、C/EBPα和 C/EBPβ的表达量变化，并进行油红O染色，综合分析干扰和过表达 circADAMTS16对牛脂肪细胞分化的影响。结果如下：①qRT-PCR检测结果表明 circADAMTS16在心脏中表达量最高，肝脏次之，脾最低；②在牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化过程中， circADAMTS16在第2天显著高表达，随后逐渐降低，在第8天时达到最低。③在牛前体脂肪细胞中过表达circADAMTST16后，脂肪分化标志基因PPARγ、C/EBPα、C/EBPβ的表达量显著下降；油红O染色结果显示，过表达后脂滴形成数量明显少于对照组；而干扰 circADAMTS16表达后，脂肪分化标志基因PPARγ和C/EBPα表达量显著上升。综上所述， circADAMTS16对牛原代前体脂肪细胞的分化过程具有显著的调控作用，过表达 circADAMTST16可抑制牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化进程，而干扰 circADAMTS16表达可以促进牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化进程，探明 circADAMTS16对牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化的具体调控作用。