产前不同营养水平对围产期健康奶牛血清总胆红素、蛋白及转氨酶的影响

将健康的围产期奶牛30头随机分为三组，分别于产前28d开始饲喂NRC标准日粮（营养水平100％组，即Ⅰ组）、NRC标准增加20％日粮（营养水平120％组，即Ⅱ组）和NRC标准减少20％日粮（营养水平80％组，即Ⅲ组），产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准泌乳日粮，至产后56d结束，观察干奶期不同营养水平对围产期健康奶牛血清总胆红素、蛋白及转氨酶的影响。试验结果表明，围产期是机体生理状况处于剧烈变化的时期，奶牛产后的蛋白质代谢活动、转氨酶活性较产前明显增强；但健康奶牛均能通过调整糖代谢、脂代谢和蛋白质代谢，促进能量与营养物质间的相互转化，适应机体的各种生理变化。     

石灰质土壤上不同葡萄品种叶片的铁含量与其黄化的关系

以石灰性土壤上8年生的3个欧亚种鲜食葡萄品种(红脸无核Blush Seedless、玫瑰香MuscatHamburg、里扎马特Rizamat) 以及3个欧美杂种(京亚J ingya、藤稔Fujiminori、紫珍香Zizhenxiang) 为试材, 通过对叶片叶绿素、活性铁和全铁含量相互关系的分析发现, 不同品种新叶到成熟叶的叶绿素、活性铁和全铁含量逐渐增加; 黄化叶片叶绿素比绿叶显著降低, 重度黄化欧美杂种1、2位叶活性铁含量显著低于未黄化欧亚种; 不同品种1、2位叶全铁含量比较, 黄化叶与绿叶差别不大, 有时黄化叶比绿叶全铁含量高; 欧亚种红脸无核和玫瑰香4位叶全铁含量显著高于黄化品种4位叶。叶片叶绿素含量与其黄化程度呈负相关, 与活性铁和全铁含量呈正相关。     

Estimation of Milk Production in Lactating Sows by Determination of Deuterated Water Turnover in Three Piglets per Litter

The milk intake in piglets from four lactating sows was measured in three 48 h periods, starting on days 3, 10 and 17 of lactation, using the deuterium oxide (D 2 O) dilution technique. The milk intake was estimated from the water turnover in the piglets corrected for the production of metabolic water. The water turnover was estimated from the water dilution space and the fractional turnover of body water, determined by the rate of D 2 O dilution. To determine the magnitude of isotopic recycling, a randomly selected piglet in each litter was not enriched with D 2 O. Milk production of the four lactating sows was also measured by the weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW) method on days 4, 11 and 18 of lactation. The average daily milk production determined by the D 2 O dilution technique (9.91 - 0.69 kg) was higher ( P <0.05) than that determined by the uncorrected WSW method (8.65 - 0.81 kg). Different procedures for selecting piglets were evaluated to obtain the best possible estimation of total milk production from three piglets in each litter. The total milk production of a sow based on three piglets in the litter was obtained from a quadratic model of the relationship between milk intake and daily gain. When the daily gain of all piglets were known the Pearson correlation between milk production determined for the whole litter ( n -1) and only three median piglets was 0.98.     

药品选择及径流水样存放时间对总氮测定的影响

研究了国药集团、优耐德、Fluka的过硫酸钾药品以及水样存放时间对总氮含量测定的影响,结果表明:未经过提纯的3种药品均无法达到试验的要求,使用提纯后的Fluka过硫酸钾药品可达到总氮测定的要求;在-20℃环境下保持4个月径流水样总氮浓度无显著变化.     

Effect of feeding forest foliages, rice straw and concentrate-based total mixed ration on nutrient utilization and growth in mithun (Bos frontalis)

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding Borrena hirticulata (BH), Ficus hirta (FH), rice straw (RS) and concentrate-based total mixed ration (TMR) on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and growth in mithun. Growing male mithun calves were randomly allotted to 2 feeding groups (6 in each), TMR₁ and TMR₂. The TMRs consisted of RS 300 g kg^− 1, concentrate 400 g kg^− 1 and BH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₁) or FH 300 g kg^− 1 (TMR₂) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Both TMRs were fed ad libitum to the animals for 121 d and a digestibility study was conducted during the last 7 d of the experiment. To assess rumen fermentation, rumen fluid was collected at 2 h interval for 24 h. Apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) did not differ significantly between the TMRs. Nevertheless, apparent digestibility of ether extract was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) greater in TMR₂ (0.59) compared to TMR₁ (0.54). Body weight gain (BWG; g d^− 1), DM intake (kg d^− 1), CP intake (g d^− 1) and feed efficiency (kg feed kg^− 1 gain) were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in TMR₁ (548, 5.14, 713 and 9.28) compared to TMR₂ (496, 4.91, 703 and 10.03). An insignificant positive association (r = 0.35) between DM intake and BWG, but a significant (P < 0.01) positive association (r = 0.74) between CP intake and BWG were evident. Rumen pH (5.71 to 7.18) and ammonia-nitrogen (8.0 to 25.0 mg/dl) did not differ significantly between the TMRs, but differed significantly (P < 0.01) at different h post-feeding. In contrast, rumen total volatile fatty acid (42 to 105 mM) and total nitrogen (40.4 to 90.3 mg/dl) differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the TMRs and at different h post-feeding. The study revealed that BH, FH, RS and concentrate-based TMRs may be fed to mithun for satisfactory growth.     

Effects of three different concentrate proportions and rapeseed meal supplement to grass silage on animal performance of dairy-breed bulls with TMR feeding

A 3 × 2 factorial design with growing dairy-breed bulls was used to study the effects on animal performance of (1) proportion of concentrate (rolled barley) in the diet, and (2) inclusion of rapeseed meal (RSM) in the barley-based concentrate in a total mixed ration (TMR). The interactions between concentrate proportion and RSM supplement were also examined.Three feeding experiments comprised in total of 84 Finnish Ayrshire bulls and 6 Friesian bulls. The bulls were fed TMR ad libitum. The three concentrate proportions were 300 (L), 500 (M) and 700 (H) g/kg dry matter (DM), fed without RSM (RSM−) or with RSM (RSM+). Rapeseed meal was given so that the crude protein (CP) content of the concentrate was raised to 160 g/kg DM in the RSM+ diets. In the RSM− diets the CP content of the concentrate was 128 g/kg DM, so the CP content increased 25% with RSM supplementation. Increasing the proportion of concentrate led to a linear improvement in daily live weight gain (LWG) (P < 0.05), but there were no significant treatment differences in the DM intake (kg/d). Increasing the proportion of concentrate also led to significantly higher CP (P < 0.001) and phosphorus (P) (P < 0.001) supply and significantly improved DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility (P < 0.001). However, the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased (P < 0.001) as the proportion of concentrate increased. The feed conversion rate (kg DM/kg LWG) decreased significantly with increasing concentrate proportion (P < 0.001). Rapeseed meal supplement had no effect on animal performance, but the supply of CP (P < 0.01) and P (P < 0.001) was higher when RSM was included in the diet. The CP (P < 0.001) and NDF (P < 0.05) digestibilities were also higher for the RSM+ diets than for the RSM− diets. Because RSM at the concentration used did not affect animal performance, there is no reason to use RSM supplementation for finishing dairy bulls when there is good quality grass silage and barley-based concentrate in the TMR ration. This study also shows that there is a need to update the Finnish feeding recommendations for dairy-breed growing bulls, and extra calculations are needed for the energy and protein supply of growing dairy bulls.     

基于紫花苜蓿混播草地的全草型肉羊放牧育肥模式案例研究

本研究旨在探讨紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）混播草地放牧利用的生产潜力和集成全草型集约化肉羊放牧育肥技术模式。2017-2018年,在位于河北省廊坊市的中国农业科学院国际农业高新技术产业园内开展了2年羔羊育肥的划区轮牧试验,研究了紫花苜蓿混播草地的地上生物量、育肥羊增重以及羊肉品质的变化规律。结果表明：混播草地地上生物量超过11.2 tDM·hm^-2,5月份紫花苜蓿混播草地的粗蛋白为20.92%,每公顷紫花苜蓿混播草地可满足51只育肥羊、放牧育肥150天,每只增重30 kg所需的干物质、代谢能和粗蛋白三个方面的全部需求。与此同时,紫花苜蓿混播草地还可以显著增加羊肉中欧米伽3型多不饱和脂肪酸的含量,n-6/n-3比例为2.72,羊肉健康品质显著提高。以紫花苜蓿混播草地为基础的全草型肉羊放牧育肥技术具有广阔的应用前景,对我国苜蓿产业以及草地畜牧业发展具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of the drug sensitivity and expression of 16 drug resistance-related genes in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive tumor type originating from histiocytic cell lineages. This disease is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and short survival time. Therefore, it is of critical importance to identify and develop effective antitumor drugs against HS. The objectives of this study were to examine the drug sensitivities of 10 antitumor drugs. Using a real-time RT-PCR system, the mRNA expression levels of 16 genes related to drug resistance in 4 canine HS cell lines established from dogs with disseminated HS were determined and compared to 2 canine lymphoma cell lines (B-cell and T-cell). These 4 canine HS cell lines showed sensitivities toward microtubule inhibitors (vincristine, vinblastine and paclitaxel), comparable to those in the canine B-cell lymphoma cell line. Moreover, it was shown that P-gp in the HS cell lines used in this study did not have enough function to efflux its substrate. Sensitivities to melphalan, nimustine, methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin and etoposide were lower in the 4 HS cell lines than in the 2 canine lymphoma cell lines. The data obtained in this study using cultured cell lines could prove helpful in the developing of advanced and effective chemotherapies for treating dogs that are suffering from HS.     

野生和栽培益母草中总生物碱和黄酮质量分数的比较

测定野生和栽培益母草各部位中总生物碱和黄酮的质量分数及变化规律.结果表明:在同一生育期内益母草植株不同部位生物碱和黄酮的质量分数不同.叶柄中生物碱的质量分数最高,叶片其次,根中生物碱质量分数最低;各器官以叶片中黄酮的质量分数最高,叶柄其次,根部最低.野生和栽培益母草植株生物碱和黄酮质量分数存在明显差异.野生益母草中总生物碱的质量分数高于栽培益母草,而黄酮质量分数则是栽培益母草高于野生益母草.     

桑枝皮总黄酮提取工艺条件的优化试验

桑枝皮具有多种药用功效,其主要活性成分之一为黄酮类化合物。采用乙醇浸提法提取桑枝皮中的黄酮类化合物,在单因素试验考察提取温度、原料质量浓度、溶剂乙醇的浓度以及提取时间等因素对桑枝皮总黄酮提取效果的影响基础上,采用正交试验优化提取工艺条件。提取工艺条件中各因素对桑枝皮总黄酮提取效果的影响程度依次为乙醇体积分数提取温度提取时间原料质量浓度。确定桑枝皮总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度80℃,原料质量浓度33g/L,乙醇体积分数70%,提取时间120min。在此条件下,桑枝皮总黄酮的提取率可达1.01%。