微波辅助提取茄子根中总黄酮工艺条件研究

以烘干茄子根为原料,以茄子根中总黄酮提取率为指标,利用微波辅助提取茄子根中总黄酮。选取乙醇浓度、微波时间、微波温度、微波功率、料液比为单因素试验,在单因素试验基础上,以正交试验设计方法优化提取工艺。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为80%、微波时间为4min、微波温度为60℃、微波功率为300W、料液比1∶20(g/mL),在此最佳条件下,茄子根总黄酮的提取率达1.652%。     

茄子主要早熟相关性状研究

生产实践中评价茄子早熟性的主要指标是前期产量。为探究茄子早熟相关性状,进而辅助早熟育种,2012—2014年对总计138个紫圆茄杂交组合的主要农艺性状进行相关分析,并于2013、2014年对主要前期产量相关性状进行通径分析。3年相关分析结果显示,单株结果数和单果重与单株前期产量极显著相关,而始花节位与单株前期产量的相关性表现没有规律性,存在极限效应。2014年单株结果数和单果重对单株前期产量的直接通径系数分别为1.2073和0.7935,说明对单株前期产量有显著正向效应。因此选育早熟茄子品种首要的是提高单株结果数,在保证品质的同时选择大果且肉质紧密类型,不要过分依赖始花节位。     

春秋大棚茄子专用新品种‘茄杂6号’

 ‘茄杂6号’是由自交系‘134’与‘圆杂-黑扁-1-1-M’配制而成的春秋大棚茄子专用品种。该品种耐弱光,易坐果,着色好,抗性强。株形紧凑,门茄节位8节左右。果实扁圆形,果色黑亮,果肉浅绿,单果质量850~950g,商品性好。产量一般为90~105 t·hm^-2。     

RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified region of chloroplast DNA in eggplant and related Solanum species

RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified 3.2-kbp region of cpDNA bounded by the conserved sequences in rbc L and ORF 106 was performed in eggplant (Solanum melongena), its related Solanum species, S. incanum, S. virginianum (= S. surattense), S. torvum, S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum), S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and S. mammosum and the reciprocal hybrids between S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) and S. melongena 'Uttara'. The target region of cpDNA was amplified correctly by PCR. The amplified products were digested with each of 10 restriction enzymes (Alu I, Ase I, BamH I, Hinf I, Msp I, Rsa I, ScrF I, Sty I, Taq I and Xba I). Variations of restriction patterns among the species were recognized after digesting the amplified products with each of the seven restriction enzymes, Taq I, Alu I, Rsa I, Sty I, Ase I, Hinf I and Xba I. The restriction patterns divided the examined nine species into the following five clusters, 1) S. melongena and S. incanum, 2) S. virginianum (= S. surattense), 3) S. torvum, 4) S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum) and S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and 5) S. mammosum. The restriction pattern with Alu I in each of the reciprocal hybrids between S. melongena 'Uttara' and S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) was identical with that of seed parent. The present study demonstrated the availability of the PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA for assessing taxonomic relationships and identifying cytoplasmic parentage of interspecific hybrids in eggplant and related Solanum species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

超声波提取茄子皮天然红色素工艺研究

通过单因素试验确定了提取溶剂种类、提取剂浓度、料液比、提取温度、浸提时间及超声波功率的适用范围,再利用正交试验法进行工艺优化,得出超声波提取茄子皮天然红色素的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明,影响因素主次顺序为：料液比〉提取时间〉提取温度。用酸性无水乙醇溶液超声波提取茄子天然红色素的最佳工艺条件为料液比1：6、浸提温度70℃、浸提时间30min、功率160W。     

温室条件下茄子灌溉制度初探

以茄子为试材,于2013年4-8月在天津市北辰区日光温室中进行试验,分析了气象因素对灌溉的影响,并制定了灌溉制度。结论如下:温室条件下大棚内温度一直较高,且随气温的增加而增加;温室属于较为封闭的环境,所以温室内湿度一直处于较高点,且灌水后有大幅度增加,湿度较高;滴灌茄子的滴灌灌溉制度为全生育期灌溉定额137.9mm,灌水定额为19.7mm/次,灌水次数为7次,茄子生长阶段的土壤水分下限适宜控制在70%的田间持水率(计划湿润层为40cm)。     

茄子品种DUS测试指南的研制

[目的] 植物品种特异性(distinctness)、一致性(uniformity)和稳定性(stability) 测试(简称：DUS测试)是品种保护、品种审定、品种登记的必要条件。研制茄子(Solanum melongena L.)品种DUS测试指南旨在为测试和品种权实质审查工作提供科学依据。[方法]以《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 总则》(GB/T19557.1)为总体原则,以国际植物新品种保护联盟颁布的《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 茄子》(TG/117/4)为参考,通过对243份茄子品种的田间试验和多次同行专家修订,完成茄子的DUS测试指南(国家标准报批稿)。[结果]指南确定了42个测试性状及描述方法,筛选出20个标准品种,明确了茄子特判定、一致性和稳定性判定的原则。[结论]指南为我国茄子DUS测试的品种描述和特异性、一致性、稳定性判定提供了技术标准。笔者重点介绍了指南的编制原则和过程、测试性状的选择和标准品种的选用,以及特异性、一致性、稳定性的判定标准。     

不同水分处理对茄子生长与产量品质的影响

为指导日光温室节水灌溉和增产,以京茄一号为对象,控制灌水下限为田间持水率(FC)的90％(T1),80％(T2),70％ (T3),60％ (T4),在日光温室内研究了滴灌条件下不同水分处理对茄子冠层发育、根系生长、果实产量及品质的影响.结果表明:株高、茎粗、叶面积和地上部干重均随着土壤水分下限的降低呈先增大后减小的趋势,T2(80％FC)大于其他3个处理.茄子根系主要分布在0 ～40 cm土层,随着深度的增加迅速减少,不同处理总根长密度和总根表面积密度均随灌水下限降低呈下降趋势.T2处理产量最高,分别为T1的1.03倍、T3的1.13倍、T4的1.14倍,不同处理之间差异无统计学意义.土壤含水率过高或过低会降低果实中的粗纤维质量分数和硝态氮质量分数,较高的土壤水分下限有利于果实中氨基酸的形成,而还原性VC质量分数随着土壤水分下限的降低而降低.灌水下限为80％ FC时对茄子的生长最为有利,该处理下冠层发育、根系生长、果实产量及品质均处于较高水平.     

Crossability and cytological studies in Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum linnaeanum (Solanaceae).

Summary Crossing experiments involving the various groups of Solanum macrocarpon L. complex, including wild (dasyphyllum), semi-wild and cultivars produced fully fertile F1 and F2 hybrids. This confirmed earlier findings that these groups belong to the same biological species. S. macrocarpon complex and S. linnaeanum Hepper ex Jaeger are isolated by reproductive barriers. F1 and F2 hybrids between various groups of S. macrocarpon showed heterosis. F2 superior hybrids were isolated as candidates for the future breeding programmes. Most wild-type traits like prickliness, hairiness were dominant to those possessed by cultivars. Relatively resistant hybrids to pest attack were noted. S. macrocarpon complex and S. linnaeanum are diploids (2n=24). The overall nature of the karyotype suggests that the two are related. The F1 hybrids between the cultivars of S. macrocarpon and the wild group (S. dasyphyllum) showed normal meiosis. A lack of isolating barriers confirmed that S. macrocarpon complex constitute a single biological species.     

新疆盐渍化土地种植耐盐小麦效应分析

在新疆盐渍化土地种植耐盐冬小麦试验示范结果表明，盐碱弃耕地和盐碱荒地种植“石冬5号”耐盐冬小麦，脱盐效果较好，比种植其他作物有较高的经济效益和社会效益；结合种植深根系牧草，有利于改良低产盐渍化土地，提高土地生产力，具有现实的增产效益和长期生产效应；实行作物轮作倒茬，可防止耕地再度次生盐渍化，为提高盐渍化土地生产力寻求了有效途径。