氮吸附法分析生物质焦孔隙结构

采用氮吸附法对4种生物质焦(稻壳、树叶、玉米秆、棉花秆)的孔隙结构进行测量,结果表明,不同种类焦样的比表面积和孔径分布有明显差别,树叶的比表面积最大,为242.21 m2·g-1,玉米秆的比表面积最小,为0.81 m2·g-1.850℃时,稻壳、树叶、玉米秆焦样的孔径分布曲线在微孔和中孔范围各有一个分布峰,而棉花秆焦样的孔径分布曲线只在中孔范围内出现一个分布峰.热解温度是影响孔隙结构的一个重要因素,在高温条件下,同步热解得到的焦样的比表面积较大,微孔较多.在本研究中,600℃、850℃的稻壳焦样和850℃的树叶焦样具有较大的比表面积,比较适合做吸附剂.     

Acclimation abilities of three tropical rainforest seedlings to an increase in light intensity

Current practices in many nurseries involve the germination of tropical rainforest seedlings in shaded conditions and transferral, at a later date, to environments with greater light intensities. Determination of the ability of these seedlings to acclimate to increased light intensities will allow seedling stock to be processed with maximum efficiency within the nursery. The acclimation abilities of three species, Agyrodendron actinophyllum, Cardwellia sublimis, and Flindersia brayleyana, commonly found in north Queensland's rainforests were investigated in this study. These particular species are highly valued for their cabinet timber qualities and are being reared in nurseries for use in reforestation trials and programs in north Queensland. Seedlings were initially raised in greenhouse conditions under two layers of shade cloth (16% of full sunlight) and then transferred into full sunlight at three different ages (3 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks). Upon transfer, organ ratios and the direction of dry matter distribution was determined for each species and age group. Approximately 3 months after the seedlings were transferred, the acclimation ability of each species and age group was then determined. Dry matter distribution was found to change with age, irrespective of light environment. Individuals within a species with larger root systems and thicker or more dense leaves had a greater acclimation ability than those with smaller root systems and thinner or less dense leaves. Furthermore, individuals within a species whose dry matter distribution upon transfer was directed towards developing a large root system, and a small photosynthetic area and mass, had a greater acclimation ability than those whose dry matter distribution was directed away from such morphologies. Awareness of these relationships allows a better understanding of seedling response to gap formation in natural forests, and also allows plant nursery operators to make a more informed decision about when to move seedlings to environments with a higher light intensity.     

广东山区开发的理论与实践：—广东山区开发理论与实践研讨会综述

本文述了“广东山区开发理论与实践研讨会”所达成共识的观点：广东山区开发具有重要的战略意义，广东山区开发必须走可持续肆展，农业产业化经营、工业化道路，同时必须搞好基础设施建设，组织好商品流通工作，优化资源配置。     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

浅谈当前森林覆盖率计算的两个公式

介绍计算森林覆盖率的2个公式,指出应该用(2)式计算森林覆盖率.分析了有林地面积、国家特别规定灌木林地面积、灌木林地面积与森林覆盖率的关系.     

昆明市区几种立交桥绿化模式的景观效益评价

在对昆明市区16座立交桥进行普查的基础上,归纳总结出该市区立交桥绿化中主要的3种绿化模式,即乔 灌 草型;灌 草型及单纯地被型。运用唐东芹等人提出的园林植物景观评价AHP(层次分析法)模型与方法,对此3种绿化模式的景观效益进行综合评价,结果表明,乔 灌 草型、灌 草型绿化模式的景观效益价值远大于单纯地被型,而乔 灌 草型的景观效益略大于灌 草型,前2类绿化模式的观赏价值也较高。     

昆明地区郁金香品种的开花特点

2004年12月,从荷兰引进19个郁金香(Tulipa gesnerianaL.)品种,栽种于昆明翠湖公园,通过其适应性和开花特点观察,筛选出世界真爱(World s Favourite)、莺者(Inzell)、奥莉丝(Ollioules)等10个适宜于昆明地区冬季栽种,且开花性状表现较好的郁金香品种。     

宁南山区旱地紫花苜蓿土壤水分及产量动态研究

对宁南山区旱地紫花苜蓿土壤水分及产量动态进行了研究。结果表明,随苜蓿草龄的延长,土壤深层水分亏缺严重草地底层与中层对表层水分具有明显的补偿作用;伏秋降对水冬前土壤蓄水亦有重要作用;产量随草延长呈中间高两头低的态热,６－８年以后草地须及时更新。     

基于复杂种植结构多情景分析的灌区多目标多水源优化配置

为改善多水源灌区农业用水供需矛盾,通过合理调整种植结构,优化灌区水资源配置,该研究以河北省邯郸市漳滏河灌区为研究对象,将农业灌溉缺水量最小和农作物经济效益最大作为目标函数,兼顾灌区生态安全约束,构建了基于种植结构优化的多目标多水源优化配置模型,针对作物熟制、作物种类、种植制度以及灌溉方式设置了8种不同的种植结构优化情景,通过自主改进的基于精英策略并协遗传算法（NSGAⅡ-S）对模型求解,获得不同情景下的水资源优化配置方案。结果表明：应用模型进行水资源配置后,各情景配水总量均有所减少,其中水库配水量高于其他水源的配水量,水库水、引黄水和引江水均达到用水总量控制目标,民有分区的各计算单元间的配水量变化明显,总配水量高于滏阳河分区;适当压减主要依靠抽取地下水灌溉的冬小麦的播种面积,变灌溉农业为旱作雨养农业,可以极大地减少地下水用量,增加灌区经济效益;最佳的种植结构优化方案为CS₄（削减冬小麦的种植面积,种植苜蓿,灌溉方式采取管灌或喷灌）,该方案冬小麦播种面积压减17.10%,地下水开采量减少了16.42%,灌区的经济效益增加了26.41%,在保证配水总量最小的同时,具有更高的经济效益。该研究所构建的多目标多水源优化配置模型和作物配水结果可为类似地区的水资源配置提供参考。     

云南省岩溶地区石漠化草原现状及分区保护与修复策略

据最新调查数据,云南省石漠化草原主要分布于曲靖、昆明、红河等5个州( 市),总面积 37.97 万hm²,占岩溶土地面积的3.53%,其分布最广的海拔区间为1 500~2 500 m,占比47.85%, 基岩裸露度分布区间为30%~94%,以植被盖度为10%~19%的分布区间面积最广,占比37.85%, 绝大部分分布于土层薄甚至极薄区域,占比达92.10%。根据石漠化草原空间分布特征,在充分衔 接各大生态保护和修复工程建设规划基础上,统筹考虑岩溶生态系统的完整性、地理单元的连续性 和经济社会发展的可持续性,将云南省石漠化草原区划为6个分区,分区阐述石漠化草原生态保护 与修复策略。