长沙市地被植物园林应用的现状及其存在的问题

通过对长沙市园林地被植物应用情况的实地调查,发现目前长沙市园林常用的地被植物约40种,分析了长沙市园林中宽阔地域、小面积地域、人工湖及人工溪流旁、坡和角以及林下等4种不同的地被植物的配置应用形式及目前存在的问题,并提出了发展对策.     

Comparison of uptake of different N forms by soil microorganisms and two wet-grassland plants: A pot study

Two common plant species of temperate wet grasslands, Carex acuta and Glyceria maxima, were tested for their preferences in the uptake of different nitrogen (N) sources (amino acid, ammonium, nitrate) and their ability to compete for these sources with soil microorganisms. The experiment was a one-day incubation study with plants growing in soil obtained from the field, which was supplied with a solution containing the three N sources, one at a time labeled with ¹⁵N. The bulk of the N demand of both species was covered by nitrate-N, which was the dominant N form in the soil at the time of the experiment. Ammonium-N was taken up less strongly, and organic N formed only a negligible part of their nutrition. The assimilated inorganic N was preferentially transported to apical meristem of the youngest leaf, while organic N remained mostly in the roots. The fast-growing Glyceria took up more N and was a better competitor vis-à-vis soil microbes for rarer N forms than Carex. However, both plants were poor competitors for N vis-à-vis soil microbes, irrespective of the N form. Microbes took up nitrate ca. five times faster and organic N more than a hundred times faster than plants. Correspondingly, the calculated turnover time of microbial N was 17 days, compared to 40 days for N in plant roots. A significant amount of added ¹⁵N was found at non-exchangeable sites in the soil, which points to the importance of microbial N transformation and abiotic N fixation for N retention in soil. In summary, the preferential assimilation of inorganic N by the wetland plants studied here and their poor ability to compete for N with soil microbes over the short term agree with the results of studies carried out with other species from temperate grasslands.     

园林景观中的植物色彩设计——以青岛石老人生态旅游区植被改造为例

通过对青岛石老人生态旅游区的植被改造规划的分析,探讨植物不同器官和不同季节的色彩变化在园林景观规划设计中的意义。从生态旅游区的整体色彩效果出发,考虑背景色彩,着重应用原有的绿色基调,调配点缀不同的植物及色彩变化,营造丰富多彩和富于变化的植物色彩景观。     

激素与营养液配施对平菇产量及品质的影响

植物激素与营养液配合施用可促进平菇菌丝生长和子实体发育，提高产量，改善商品性状，但却不能增加干物质的积累。对营养成分含量的影响随激素与营养液配方的不同而异。     

文冠果主要病虫害类型及防治技术研究

文冠果是我国北方地区种植面积较广的一类树种,经济价值较高。该文结合实际,对影响文冠果树丰产的主要病虫害类型进行简单的总结,提出相应的防治技术要点,为降低文冠果种植中病虫危害提供参考。     

永丰县木本粮食植物资源

介绍永丰县山林中木本粮食植物资源。     

CPPU在西瓜上的应用研究进展

CPPU是一种人工合成的细胞分裂素类物质,具有促进果实膨大和提高坐果率等功能,在园艺作物上有着广泛的应用。本文介绍了CPPU的推广历程,总结了CPPU在促进西瓜坐果和诱导单性结实、解决三倍体无籽西瓜授粉问题及CPPU对西瓜品质的影响等方面的研究进展,分析了其残留的安全性,最后提出了加强植物生长调节剂的生产管理和加快蜜蜂授粉技术研发的建议,以期增强公众对CPPU的科学认识,促进CPPU在西瓜生产中的正确使用。     

凤尾蕨科植物蜈蚣草的组织培养

[目的]对凤尾蕨科植物蜈蚣草的组织培养方法进行研究。[方法]以野外采集的叶芽为外植体,以1/2 MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂为基本培养基,通过激素配比试验,筛选蜈蚣草愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的培养基配方。[结果]从外植体诱导出愈伤组织最佳培养基配方为1/2 MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂＋0.5 g/L PVP＋0.1 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D;从愈伤组织诱导出GGB和从GGB诱导出幼苗最佳培养基配方为1/2MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂＋0.5 g/L PVP＋1.0 mg/L KT＋0.01 mg/L 2,4-D;另外,使用1/2 MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂＋0.5 g/L PVP＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D做继代培养可以使愈伤组织持续增殖。[结论]研究直接使用野外材料组织培养,简化了试验步骤,是一种方便快速的蜈蚣草组培方法。     

提高植物抗盐能力的技术措施综述

日益严重的土壤盐渍化抑制作物生长,使栽培作物产量和品质下降。为提高盐胁迫下农作物的产量,研究提高植物抗盐性就有着极为重要的意义。综述了提高植物抗盐性的一些措施,包括培育抗盐作物和品种、利用Ca或微量元素、抗盐剂和植物激素以及增施有机肥、合理灌溉、地膜覆盖等其它措施,以期为植物抗盐栽培提供指导。     

丛枝菌根对植物生理代谢的影响

参阅国内外大量文献,分析了丛枝菌根在营养生理及抗性生理方面的研究进展。同时,重点就丛枝菌根在促进宿主植物对氮、磷等营养元素的吸收、提高宿主植物抗逆性及抗病性研究进展进行了阐述。