牛鼻山水道水上交通事故研究

通过对牛鼻山水道自然环境以及近年来各类事故的分析比较，尝试找出事故原因规律和水道自然环境对事故发生的影响，进而提出改进安全管理的建议。     

高尔夫球场球道草坪的施肥技术

讨论了高尔夫球场道草坪的基本特征下，合理施肥的方式、时间、施肥量及球道施肥期间应注意的有关具体技术问题。     

Fungicide strategies for the control of turfgrass winter diseases

It is a goal of the turf industry to reduce fungicide use, maximize fungicide efficacy, and minimize the risk of fungicide resistance. Based on these integrated pest management principles and current fungicide labels, our objective was to elucidate the optimal use of propiconazole (Banner Maxx, 156 g a.i. L^–1), azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Headway, 62.5 + 104 g a.i. L^–1), and fludioxonil (Medallion TL, 104 g a.i. L^–1) for the control of the winter-active pathogens Micordochium nivale and Typhula incarnata. Five experiments were conducted on greens and fairways at four sites in Norway and Sweden during the winter seasons of 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. Iprodione (Chipco Green, 250 g a.i. L^–1), which was used in Scandinavia until 2009 and is still a widely used fungicide internationally, was included in two experiments. One application of propiconazole (468 g a.i. ha^–1) or azoxystrobin + propiconazole (187.5 + 312 g a.i. ha^–1) in October controlled 80% of the microdochium patch, and the control of both microdochium patch and typhula blight usually exceeded 90% if the first application of one of these fungicides was followed by at least one application of fludioxonil (375 g a.i. ha^–1) before snow cover. After an initial application of propiconazole or azoxystrobin + propiconazole in October, two applications of fludioxonil in late autumn were more efficient in improving visual turf quality in spring than one application of fludioxonil in autumn plus one application of propiconazole just after snow melt in spring. Fludioxonil gave the same level of control of microdochium patch as iprodione despite a much lower use of the active fungicide ingredient. In conclusion, one application of propiconazole or azoxystrobin + propiconazole while the turf is still growing, followed by one applications of fludioxonil after growth cessation, will usually provide adequate control of the winter diseases in turfgrass.     

浦绿对高尔夫球道结缕草草坪耐荫性的影响

浦绿是一种环己酸类植物生长调节剂,不仅可以通过抑制赤霉素的生物合成而延缓植物的生长,还可提高植物的抗逆性。为探讨浦绿对高尔夫球道结缕草（Zosia japonica）草坪耐荫性的影响,本试验以湖南龙湖高尔夫俱乐部球场5号洞球道的‘兰引3号’结缕草（Z.japonica ‘Lanyin No.3’）草坪为试验材料,研究了浦绿（0.1 mL·m^-2）对人工摸拟不同遮荫率条件下（全光照：自然光;轻度：遮荫率25%±3%;中度：遮荫率50%±3%;重度：遮荫率75%±3%）球道草坪冠层高度、叶长和茎粗以及草坪盖度、草坪质量、绿色指数、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和赤霉素含量等指标的影响。试验结果表明,随着遮荫率的提高,未喷施浦绿的‘兰引3号’结缕草草坪的盖度、茎粗、草坪质量、绿色指数、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量呈下降趋势,而草坪冠层高度、叶长、脯氨酸含量和赤霉素含量则呈升高趋势;喷施浦绿显著（P<0.05）降低了不同遮荫率下的冠层高度、叶长和赤霉素含量,显著（P<0.05）提高了可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量以及草坪绿色指数。因此,本试验得出浦绿可有效增强草坪的耐荫性,提高高尔夫球道的草坪质量。