贵州省退耕还林与农村经济发展研究

通过对贵州省贞丰、桐梓、锦屏等若干县市林业生态建设监理、检查、造林实绩核查等工作的实践和研究，认为退耕还林工程与农村经济发展相结合，目前应加强以下工作：选择林业主导产业；林产业时间、空间的合理布局；树种、林种的结构优化；林业体制创新；实施相关配套工程。     

以鄠邑区为例的基数转换要点研究

随着各级国土空间总体规划工作的推进,明确各地现状数据的工作日渐紧迫。以三调为基础的现状数据不能满足和符合国土空间总体规划的工作要求,所以在三调基础上科学准确的衔接规划编制所需的空间关联信息和现状数据,形成科学、准确的现状底图是保证空间规划编制科学有效的基础。因三调数据与其他关联数据在坐标、分类等方面存在差异,因此需要对其进行分类转换。本文在梳理三调工作分类和规划用途分类对应关系的基础上,以鄠邑区为例,对具体实践中遇到的主要问题提出相关建议。     

Measuring patterns and mechanism of greenway use – A case from Guangzhou,China

In the context of recent studies that have begun to establish a more quantifiable understanding of the use of urban greenways, this paper presents a preliminary investigation into the patterns in which a greenway is used and the mechanism behind the pattern of use of the greenway. Factors of the location, economic situation, environment and social background have been measured and analyzed in the use intensity model to interpret their impact on the use intensity of different sections of a greenway. The results suggest that use of the Waterfront Greenway in Guangzhou is highly impacted by population density, employment density, nearby service provision and the connectivity of the greenway to other parts of the city. In this case, the use intensity model with indicators such as location, economic, environmental and social factors has been shown to be applicable to the evaluation of the use of the greenways. Results from the case study suggest that providing greenways close to the residential zones, employment centers and key public services such as hospitals and schools will increase greenway use. The surrounding network system of a greenway must be carefully considered and designed to improve the linking of the greenway to other parts of the city, to increase the number of potential visitors to the greenway.     

校园土地利用结构和空间布局变化与优化建议——以湖南农业大学为例

以湖南农业大学为研究区,根据2005和2010年两期土地利用分类图,利用土地利用类型转移矩阵,结合GIS的空间分析方法,对土地利用结构和空间布局演变进行分析.结果表明,近一半的其他用地按面积比例从大到小依次转变为绿地、道路、娱乐、生活及教学用地.新增教学和娱乐用地分别集中在以修业广场为中心的400m和以老校门为圆心的300 m缓冲区内,新增生活用地呈现南北分化的趋势,新增道路虽较分散但与其余的用地类型毗邻度较高,水域基本不变,而新增绿地面积较大的一片集中在中西部,其余与生活用地的空间演变规律一致.总体来看,土地开发的重点在北部、中部及靠近浏阳河的沿线南端,呈正“S”形格局.未来的校园建设应遵循“科学、生态、人文”的理念,兼顾系统性、关联性和坚持弹性规划的原则对用地布局进行优化.     

基于耕地质量成果的上海市耕地占补平衡运行机制研究

在对我国耕地占补平衡问题分析的基础上,结合占补平衡耕地质量内涵和上海市耕地质量成果应用条件分析,构建以数量平衡为前提的耕地质量占补平衡运行机制。该机制框架包括耕地质量评估和监测机制、占补平衡指标储备机制、占补平衡指标跨区使用机制和占补平衡实施经济保障机制等4个方面,以为完善耕地占补平衡制度提供依据。     

人工种草与科尔沁沙地农业发展前景

本研究以7年制粮草轮作形式,自1985－1991年,在科尔沁沙地中南部风沙土地区,探讨了种草养地,养畜,提高农业,发展牧业的关系,结果表明,在一个轮作周期中,人工种草年hm^2鲜草13350．15kg,粮食平均每hm^2产5827．35kg,可饲用牧草和秸秆量2513．5kg,分别比对照增产123．97％,109．5％和103．76％,载畜量可提高一倍,同时,饲草和粮食生产成本下降50％。试验表明,种植豆科牧草是一项养地,兴农,促牧的生物养地措施,也是符合高产,高效,低成本现代农业的要求,是科尔沁沙地值得提倡和推广,并具有发展潜力的好办法。     

全球气候变化对松嫩草原土壤水分和生产力影响的研究

本文首先模拟计算松嫩草原土壤水量平衡,并结合未来气候情景估算松嫩草原土壤水分的变化。最后,在土壤水分研究的基础上,初步评估全球气候变化对松嫩草原生产力的影响。     

Plant Species Composition and Forage Production 14 Yr After Biosolids Application and Grazing Exclusion

This paper examines the effects of a single surface application of biosolids (at 20 dry Mg ha^{? 1}) on plant species composition, forage quality and quantity, and C stocks after 14 yr of rest in rangelands of the Central Interior of British Columbia. More than two times the aboveground biomass of grasses and the percent cover of plant litter were found in the biosolids treatment relative to the control, along with reductions in bare soil and microbiotic crust cover. Significantly greater plant uptake of all macronutrients (C, N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg); most micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn); and Al occurred in the biosolids treatment. P and Cu were the only two nutrients to be more concentrated in the biosolids-treated forage relative to the control forage, while N, Mg, and protein were more concentrated in the control forage. No significant difference in forage digestibility was found between biosolids and control treatments. Bluebunch wheatgrass, the late-seral native grass species, had significantly increased cover and aboveground biomass in the biosolids treatment relative to the control; however, between 2006 and 2016, non-native Kentucky bluegrass had reached > 25% cover in the biosolids plots, perhaps restricting the full recovery of bluebunch wheatgrass. Our findings indicate that biosolids application to ungrazed rangeland can increase long-term forage production and reduce bare soil. However, at our study site biosolids application also led to a long-term shift in the plant community composition away from the late-seral (i.e., bluebunch wheatgrass) trajectory, and the effects of this shift on rangeland health and productivity require further investigation.     

科尔沁沙地灌溉与施肥对退化草地生产力的影响

在科尔沁沙地典型退化草地上开展了裂区组合设计的灌溉与施肥二因素试验。结果表明,科尔沁沙地退化草地土壤储水量受降水量的影响强烈。由于受到干旱气候和灌溉量的影响,灌水仅对地表0~30 cm的土壤含水量变化有作用,对深层土壤的含水量没有作用。灌溉和施肥对沙地退化草地的植物生物量有着明显的促进作用。灌溉处理中,灌溉90 mm试验区的植被生物量为最高(128.3 g/m2),施肥处理中,每hm2施600 kg氮肥试验区的植被生物量为最高(147.3 g/m2)。灌溉90,60,30 mm和对照试验区的植被耗水量分别为379.00,349.90,313.20和293.50 mm。与其相应的水分利用率分别为0.28,0.38,0.34和0.35 kg/(mm.hm2)。综合分析认为科尔沁沙地退化草地的基本耗水量为294 mm。