黄土低山丘陵及坨甸草原区风蚀规律的研究

本文通过对黄土低山丘陵及坨甸草原区248个风蚀图斑资料的分析,运用线性模型理论,对此地区的风蚀规律进行了研究。获得了下垫面各因素与风蚀量关系的数学模型。找出了影响风蚀的主导因素,并系统阐述了植被覆盖度和土地利用类型对风蚀量大小的影响,且与水蚀规律进行了比较分析。     

Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

Impact of pig slurry on soil properties, water salinization, nitrate leaching and crop yield in a four-year experiment in Central Spain

Abstract. The repeated application of pig slurry to agricultural soils may result in an accumulation of salts and a risk of aquifer pollution due to nitrate leaching and salinization. Under Mediterranean conditions, a field experiment on a sandy loam soil (Typic Xerofluvent) was performed with maize (Zea mays) in 1998, 1999 and 2001 to study the effects of applying optimal (P1) and excessive rates (P3) of pig slurry on soil salinization, nitrate leaching and groundwater pollution. The rate of pig slurry was established considering the optimal N rate for maize in this soil (170, 162 and 176 kg N ha^?1 for 1998, 1999 and 2001, respectively). Pig slurry treatments were compared to an optimal N rate supplied as urea (U) and a control treatment without N fertilizer (P0). The composition of the slurries showed great variability between years. Mean NO₃^? leaching losses from 1998 to 2001 were 329, 215, 173 and 78 kg N ha^?1 for P3, P1, U and P0 treatments, respectively. The amount of total dissolved salts (TDS) added to the soil in slurry application between 1998 and 2001 was 2019 kg TDS ha^?1 for the P1 treatment and 6058 kg TDS ha^?1 for the P3 treatment. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the slurry‐treated soils was greater than that of the control soil. The EC correlated significantly with the sodium concentration of the soil solution. Over the entire experimental period, 2653, 2202 and 2110 kg Na ha^?1 entered the aquifer from the P3, P1 and P0 treatments, respectively. The P3 treatment did not significantly increase grain production in 1999 and 2001 compared with that achieved with the optimal N rate treatment (P1). This behaviour shows the importance of establishing application guidelines for pig slurry that will reduce the risk of soil and groundwater pollution.     

高光谱遥感森林叶面积指数估测研究现状

文中简要概述了叶面积指数和高光谱遥感的概念, 分析比较了高光谱遥感与传统的宽波段遥感估测森林叶面积指数的优势, 以及利用高光谱遥感数据估测森林叶面积指数的常用方法, 并对目前高光谱遥感估测森林叶面积指数存在的问题行了讨论。     

桃源县茶叶优势区域在创新中发展

本文就茶叶优势区域建设提出了"四个依靠、一个完善"的创新机制。在加强特色化培育、区域化发展、一体化建设和生态安全建设中,着力构建茶叶优势区域生产系,推进茶业发展进程,提高茶叶优势区域可持续发展能力。     

基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法

常规方法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测时易出现预测数据误差大,预测过程复杂等现象。设计基于SVM算法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量进行预测。以某沿黄区域位于全景属于黄河流域东南方向一区域农田为研究对象,首先基于SVM算法选择用水量特征,选取一对一的构造方法将农田灌溉短期用水量数据分为两个类别。通过SVM算法中支持向量机分类功能将农田灌溉短期用水量特征子集进行获取,并在此基础上可以根据特征子集通过预测模型进行用水量预测。由于用水量序列波动性较强,将GM(1,N)模型与机器学习算法LSSVR模型相结合来进行用水量预测,并确定模型评价指标。结果证明基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法误差在允许范围内且在农业中具有可使用性。     

中越边境壮族地区早期修筑水利工程的重要物证——对更贵水渠及其摩崖题刻的历史解读

本文依据调查及文献资料,认为广西龙州县上龙乡更贵山水渠是目前所知的中越边境壮族地区早期修筑的水利工程之一,立于其旁记载着该工程修筑经过的摩崖碑刻具有珍贵的史料价值。该水利工程对中越边境地区壮族民众的农业生产起到了积极的作用,体现了修筑者坚强的意志,有助于人们认识明朝时期壮族的农业生产技术水平。在自然经济条件下,官绅阶层和政府在聚合力量、稳定社会、促进经济发展中扮演着重要的角色。当前,政府在保护农业文明遗产方面同样肩负着重要使命。     

黄河源区黑土滩垂穗披碱草人工草地土壤水分动态研究

对黄河源区不同龄垂穗披碱草人工草地及黑土滩退化草地土壤水分动态进行了研究。结果表明：各样地0～20cm土层土壤含水量具有明显的季节变化规律,变化趋势总体上为先增高,后降低。人工草地7月下旬土壤含水量达到最高,黑土滩退化草地8月下旬土壤含水量达到最高。各个时期0～20cm土层土壤含水量总体上为黑土滩退化草地〉2龄人工草地〉6龄人工草地。各时期0～20cm土层土壤水分垂直变化为人工草地随土层深度的增加而减小,黑土滩退化草地总体上随土层深度的增加而增大。