伊维速克对普氏野马寄生虫的驱虫效果

使用伊维速克（伊维菌素制剂）对普氏野马进行驱虫，驱虫效果很好，与以前用的各种伊维菌素相比效果相近，但必需重复用药才能有明显效果。     

伊维菌素脂质体的制备及其质量评价

【目的】制备伊维菌素脂质体(IVML),并对其进行质量评价。【方法】采用改良薄膜分散法制备IVML,选取卵磷脂与胆固醇质量比、伊维菌素(IVM)与卵磷脂质量比、缓冲液PBS的pH为配方影响因子,超声裂解时间、蒸发温度、冻融次数为制备工艺的影响因子,通过设计L9(34)正交试验对以上影响因子进行筛选。以筛选的最佳配方和工艺条件制备IVML,利用高速冷冻离心法测定其包封率,并对其理化性质和稳定性进行评价。【结果】IVML的制备最佳配方和工艺为:卵磷脂与胆固醇质量比为9∶1,IVM与卵磷脂质量比为1∶10,缓冲液PBS的pH为7.0;超声裂解5 min,蒸发温度40℃,冻融3次。所制备的IVML粒径为86~115 nm,平均粒径为(91.8±1.5)nm,包封率为(90.71±0.8)%(n=3),对热稳定,但对光不稳定。【结论】得到了制备IVML的最佳配方和工艺,且制备工艺简单可行;IVML外观和质量浓度未发生明显变化,性质稳定。     

伊维菌素在水产养殖中的应用及其水生态风险

伊维菌素是一种广谱抗寄生虫渔药,在国外被广泛用于鲑鱼、海鲷养殖中的海鲺防治.国内主要用于防治淡水鱼养殖中的各种寄生虫病,其在观赏鱼养殖中的应用也日益普遍.综述了目前国内外伊维茵素在水产养殖中的使用现状,并就其水生态风险进行评估.     

The relative plasma availabilities of ivermectin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) following subcutaneous and two different oral formulation applications

Background

Overwintering (breeding) reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are commonly treated with ivermectin against parasitic infestations once yearly in autumn-winter roundups. The only preparations registered to reindeer are those for subcutaneous injection. However, also oral extra-label ivermectin administration is used. Twenty-six, 8-month-old reindeer calves were randomly allocated into three groups. Group 1 (n = 9) received oral ivermectin mixture (Ivomec® vet mixt. 0.8 mg/ml, oral ovine liquid drench formulation), Group 2 (n = 9) oral ivermectin paste (Ivomec® vet 18.7 mg/g equine paste), and Group 3 (n = 8) subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (Ivomec® 10 mg/ml vet inj.), each group at a dose of 200 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected at treatment and at days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16 post treatment. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.

Results

The peak plasma concentration (C_max) was reached by 2 days after each treatment. The C_max and Area Under Curve (AUC) differed significantly between the groups: C_max was 30.2 ± 3.9, 14.9 ± 5.7 and 63.1 ± 13.1 ng/ml, and AUC_∞ was 2881 ± 462, 1299 ± 342 and 6718 ± 1620 ng*h/ml for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (mean ± standard deviation).

Conclusions

The differences in plasma concentrations of ivermectin are concomitant with earlier observed differences in antiparasitic efficacy, which discounts the use of the equine paste in reindeer in favour of the oral ovine liquid drench formulation, or preferably, the reindeer-registered subcutaneous injection formulation.     

伊维菌素纳米乳对牛的安全性研究

研究了新型伊维菌素纳米乳对靶动物牛的安全性。将24 头牛随机分成4 组设空白对照、1 倍推荐剂 量3 倍剂量5 倍剂量处理各处理6 头牛分别按照0,0.2,0.6,1.0 mg/kg 体重给药,二次给药后于颈静脉采集全血和抗凝血进行血液生化和血液学检测。结果显示,所有试验牛在给药后的各项血液学及血液生化指标均在正常值范 围内各项指标变化差异不显著。各处理试验牛的心、肝、肺、肾等实质器官病理检测结果无明显异常。试验结果表 明,该新型伊维菌素纳米乳制剂对牛是安全的。     

Efficacy of Daily Ivermectin Treatment in a Dog with Amitraz-Resistant, Generalized Demodicosis

Abstract— A six-year-old intact male English setter dog with chronic, juvenile-onset, generalized demodicosis, resistant to amitraz, was treated with ivermectin given orally 600 mcg/kg once daily, for more than 7 months. The dog was clinically normal after 4 months and skin scrapings were negative for Demodex canis mites after 7 months of treatment. Résumé— Un chien male de six ans de race Setter Anglais souffrant d'une démodécie généralisée chronique depuis l'âge de trois mois et résistante à l'Amitraz, fut trait à l'aide d'ivermectine par voie orale, à la dose quotidienne de 600 mcg/kg pendant plus de sept mois. Un rémission des signes cliniques fut obtenue après 4 mois et les raclages cutanés se sont révélés négatifs pour Demodex canis après 7 mois de thérapie. Zusammenfassung— Ein 6 Jahre alter, nicht kastrierter Englisch-Setterrüde wurde mehr als 7 Monate mit Ivermectin per os, 600 mcg/kg einmal täglich, behandelt, da er unter einer chronischen, in jugendlichem Alter ausgebrochenen generalisierten Demodikose litt, die auf Amitraz nicht ansprach. Das Tier war nach 4 Monaten klinísch gesund, 7 Monate nach der Behandlung fielen Hautgeschabsel auf Demodex-canis-Milben negativ ans. Schlüsselwörter: Hund; Haut; Demodilose; Ivermectin. Resumen Un perro mecho enteros de seis años de la raza setter inglés presentando una demodicosis generalizada crónica de aparición juvenil, y que presentaba resistencia al almitraz, fue tratada con avermectina administrada oralmente a una dosis de 600 mcg/kg, una vez al día, y por un periodo de más de 7 meses. Después de 4 meses, la aparición clinica del perro era normal y los raspados cutaneos no demonstraron la presencia de Demodex canis despues de 7 meses de tratamiento.     

伊维菌素在山羊奶中残留的研究

伊维菌素是新的高效广谱驱虫剂,可防治猪、牛和羊的体内外寄生虫,但未见用药后山羊奶禁止饮用期限的规定。本实验取山羊奶5ml用异辛烷和乙腈提取,高效液相色谱法测定提取液中伊维菌素的量。色谱柱为6～8μm Zorbax-ODS(150×4.6mmID),流动相为乙腈+甲醇+2％冰乙酸水溶液(45+45+10),紫外检测波长为255nm。伊维菌素含量为4～50ng/ml时,峰面积—浓度曲线呈线性,回收率为85.0±2.8％。以300mcg/kg.b.w.剂量给山羊皮下注射伊维菌素,1～3天奶中可达峰值,含量约24ng/ml,经8天后奶中不再检出伊维菌素,试验结果表明用药后8天内的山羊奶不能供人饮用。     

Plasma pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion of ivermectin (Eqvalan paste) and doramectin (Dectomax, 1%) following oral administration in donkeys

Ivermectin (IVM- Eqvalan paste, 1.87%) and doramectin (DRM-Dectomax 1%) were each administered orally to donkeys at 200 microgkg(-1) bodyweight. Blood and faecal samples were collected at predetermined times over 30 days and plasma pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion determined. Maximum plasma concentrations (C(max)) of IVM (23.6 ngml(-1)) and DRM (33.9 ngml(-1)) were obtained at (t(max)) 19.2 and 24h, respectively. The area under the concentration curve (AUC) of DRM (228.9 ngdayml(-1)) was significantly larger than that of IVM (119.3 ngdayml(-1)) and mean residence time (MRT) was 6.5 days for IVM and 9.1days for DRM. The highest (dry weight) faecal concentrations (9.33 microgg(-1) - IVM, 12.12 microgg(-1) - DRM) were detected at 55.9 and 48.0 h, respectively and each compound was detected (0.05 microgg(-1)) in faeces between 11h and 9 days following oral administration in donkeys.     

Efficacy of thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and ivermectin against gullet worm, Gongylonema pulchrum: in vitro and in vivo studies

In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and ivermectin against Gongylonema pulchrum. For in vitro assays, third-stage larvae (L3) incubated with the drugs were administered orally to mice and the ability of larvae to invade the gastric mucosa of the animals was examined. After incubation, only those larvae treated with high concentrations of levamisole (1 and 10 microg/ml) were tightly coiled with intestines exhibiting morphological abnormalities. Good dose-response data for the drugs tested was observed at the time of worm recovery from mice, with no worms recovered at the two highest concentrations of levamisole. In vivo efficacy of the drugs against adult worms was evaluated in six groups of three rabbits, each of which was infected with 30 L3 of G. pulchrum and treated with thiabendazole at 100 mg/kg for 3 days, mebendazole at 70 mg/kg for 3 days, levamisole as a single dose of 8 mg/kg, and subcutaneously injected ivermectin as a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg or vehicles of the drugs (control) at 4 months post-infection. Necropsy 14 days after treatment revealed that levamisole, mebendazole and ivermectin reduced worm burdens by 63.2%, 22.8% and 25.8%, respectively, with no reductions in worms observed with thiabendazole. The surviving worms were principally found in the esophagus with the remainder distributed among the buccal mucosa, the tongue, and/or pharyngeal mucosa in all groups. A number of morphologically abnormal eggs were observed within the uterus and ovijector in female worms recovered from the thiabendazole-treated group. These findings suggest that levamisole exhibits in vivo efficacy against G. pulchrum infection and that the larval invasion tests using mice could be used to screen for anthelmintic susceptibility of nematodes.     

伊维菌素控制春乏期羊狂蝇蛆病试验

目的为有效预防和控制羊狂蝇蛆病的发生。方法选用伊维菌素在羊狂蝇成虫完全消失的11月进行驱杀羊狂蝇蛆试验,并以敌敌畏熏蒸作为对照。结果在来年羊狂蝇成蝇出现之前的长达7个月的冬春枯草季节,伊维菌素组驱虫率和驱净率均保持100％,而敌敌畏熏蒸组驱虫率保持94．69％,驱净率仅保持60％。结论选择每年11月份用伊维菌素驱虫一次,可使羊在冬春季节无任何阶段羊狂蝇幼虫寄生。