卧龙自然保护区功能区的模糊划分

自然保护区功能区的划分是保护区规划和建设的一项十分重要的基础工作。长期以来,我国自然保护区功能区的划分一直采用人为定性划分方法,主观随意性较大,缺乏科学依据。卧龙自然保护区的功能区,是１９８４年人为确定以磨子沟大桥为界,以西划为核心区,以东划为试验区。实践证明,这种划分不符合卧龙的实际,结果未能发挥出功能区划分应有的作用,本文在大量调查,计算和分析的基础上,选择出旅游、农业活动、距离公路的远近,海     

紫花苜蓿根系主要功能性状对分根区交替灌溉的响应

分根区交替灌溉是一种具有节水潜力的灌溉方式,为了揭示紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)根系对分根区交替灌溉的响应,在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站设置3种占田间持水量(Field capacity, FC)不同比例的灌水梯度(T1:80%～100%FC,T2:60%～80%FC,T3:40%～60%FC)去开展分根区交替灌溉与不分根区灌溉的对比试验。结果表明：分根区交替灌溉在80%～100%FC灌水量时,根颈直径小于不分根区灌溉,60%～80%FC和40%～60%FC灌水量时,根颈直径大于不分根区灌溉。分根区交替灌溉的根系分支多于不分根区灌溉,但根平均直径小于不分根区灌溉。两种灌溉方式下紫花苜蓿地上部和地下部的生物量均随着灌水量梯度的下降而下降。同一灌水梯度下,不分根区灌溉的地下和地上生物量均高于分根区交替灌溉。上述结果说明紫花苜蓿采用分根区交替灌溉方式对根系生长发育具有重要影响。     

断奶对仔猪肠道屏障的影响及营养调控

在集约化养殖中,3~4周龄早期断奶是仔猪生命周期中一个非常紧张的时期,此时仔猪胃肠道还未发育成熟。肠道屏障由上皮、免疫和肠神经系统组成,这些系统控制上皮屏障的完整性以及肠道功能,包括肠腔营养物质、水和电解质的运输。早期断奶导致肠道通透性增加,出现胃肠功能紊乱的情况,可能对猪只一生产生长期的影响。因此,仔猪断奶饲粮需要正确水平的营养素、营养源和高质量的添加剂,鼓励仔猪快速进食,减轻或消除断奶应激综合症,降低死亡率和发病率。养猪就是养肠道,合理使用功能性氨基酸、植物化学物质和有机酸等添加剂,能够修复由于断奶应激综合症导致的肠道屏障功能障碍。     

Molecular genetics of the adrenocortical axis and breeding for robustness

The concept of robustness refers to the combination of a high production potential and a low sensitivity to environmental perturbations. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding objectives is progressively increasing toward the production of animals with a high production level in a wide range of climatic conditions and production systems, together with a high level of animal welfare. Current strategies to increase robustness include selection for "functional traits," such as skeletal and cardiovascular integrity, disease resistance, and mortality at various stages. It is also possible to use global evaluation of sensitivity to the environment (eg reaction norm analysis or canalization), but these techniques are difficult to implement in practice. The glucocorticoid hormones released by the adrenal cortex exert a wide range of effects on metabolism, the cardiovascular system, inflammatory processes, and brain function, for example. Protein catabolism toward energy production and storage (lipids and glycogen) supports their pivotal role in stress responses aiming at the adaptation and survival of individuals under strong environmental pressure. Large individual variations have been described in adrenocortical axis activity, with important physiopathological consequences. In terms of animal production, higher cortisol levels have negative effects on growth rate and feed efficiency and increase the fat:lean ratio of carcasses. On the contrary, cortisol has positive effects on functional traits and adaptation. Intense selection for lean tissue growth and more generally high protein output during the past decades has concomitantly reduced cortisol production, which may be responsible for the negative effects of selection on functional traits. In this paper, we review experimental evidence suggesting that the balance between production and functional traits was modified in favor of improved robustness by selecting animals with higher adrenocortical axis activity, as well as the molecular genetic tools that can be used to fine-tune this objective.     

基于植物能量功能群的草原植物光合作用研究

植物能量功能群是依植物能量属性进行的植物功能类群划分,植物通过光合作用将光能转变成化学能,蓄积在植物体内,为了探究不同的能量功能群是否会表现出光合作用特征的差异,用LI-6400型便携式全自动光合测定仪,在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区,于7月底至8月初的植物生长旺盛期,测量了羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子...     

Bayesian estimation of variance partition coefficients adjusted for imperfect test sensitivity and specificity

The variance partition coefficient (VPC) measures the clustering of infection/disease among individuals with a specific covariate pattern. Covariate-pattern-specific VPCs provide insight to the groups of individuals that exhibit great heterogeneity and should be targeted for intervention. VPCs should be taken into consideration when planning study designs, modeling data and estimating sample sizes. We present a Bayesian discrete mixed model for the estimation of covariate-pattern-specific VPCs when measurement of the infection/disease is based on an imperfect test. The utility of the presented model is demonstrated with three applications. In all cases, imperfect tests biased VPC estimates towards the null but corrected estimates could be obtained by modeling the sensitivity and specificity of the test procedure with beta distributions. The comparison of adjusted VPCs between the intercept only and the fitted models with higher level covariates explained the portion of heterogeneity in the data that was accounted for by the covariates.     

环丙沙星分子印迹聚合物自组装体系的分子模拟

以环丙沙星（CIP）为印迹分子,甲基丙烯酸（MAA）、4-乙烯基吡啶（4-Vpy）为功能单体,运用量子化学密度泛函理论（DFT）的LC—WPBE方法和6—31G（d,P）基组,模拟CIP印迹分子与MAA、4-Vpy两种功能单体分子印迹聚合物自组装体系的构型,讨论了其稳定复合物的成键作用位点及数目、NBO电荷的转移及反应的结合能,探讨了CIP与两种功能单体之间相互作用的原理及分子印迹中溶剂的影响。模拟计算结果表明,CIP印迹分子哌嗪环上的N、喹啉羧酸上的H和O与两种功能单体均通过氢键作用形成在化学基团及空间结构上相互匹配的有序复合物;两种功能单体中MAA与CIP印迹分子间的相互作用更强,且在印迹比例为1：6,以甲苯为溶剂时,合成的复合物能量最低,对CIP的吸附性和识别能力更强。该分子模拟试验可为CIP分子印迹聚合物的进一步研究提供理论参考。     

不同体外培养条件对家兔早期囊胚贴壁行为的影响

采集家兔自然交配后96h的早期囊胚，以低糖DMEM＋150mL／L胎牛血清＋0．1mmol／L非必需氨基酸＋100IU／mL青霉素＋100IU／mL链霉素为基础培养基，比较了不同胚胎处理方法、不同饲养层以及培养液中添加不同成分对兔早期囊胚贴壁和增殖的影响，以完善兔胚胎干细胞的建系方法。结果表明，以胚胎分割法和链霉蛋白酶-E（proteinaseE）处理掉黏蛋白及部分透明带的胚胎容易贴壁和增殖；在小鼠成纤维细胞饲养层和兔胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层上，胚胎的脱带率差别不大，但在小鼠成纤维细胞饲养层上贴壁率明显提高，且贴壁后内细胞团增殖较快；添加胰岛素、白血病抑制因子和伊巯基乙醇均利于抑制ES的分化和促进内细胞团的增殖。     

沙地植物功能群及其多样性对微地形变化的响应

以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟中国科学院生态系统定位站长期围封的沙地样地为研究对象,通过测定植物群落的生物量、盖度、密度和株高等相关指标,探讨群落的物种组成、生物多样性等对沙地微地形变化的响应情况,以阐明沙地微地形对植被的影响机理.结果表明:沙地微地形对生物量、生活型、功能群及生物多样性均有影响.其中,总生物量顺序为:阴坡 > 坡底 > 阳坡 > 坡顶;植物多样性指数坡底显著低于阴坡、阳坡和坡顶(P < 0.05),而阴坡、阳坡和坡顶三者之间无显著差异;丰富度指数和均匀度指数阴坡、阳坡和坡顶显著高于坡底,阴坡、阳坡和坡顶三者之间差异不显著;坡底以多年生杂类草占优,阴坡以灌木、半灌木及多年生禾草为主,阳坡以灌木、半灌木、多年生禾草及一、二年生植物为主,坡顶以多年生禾草和一、二年生草本植物为主.