武威市某规模牛场汉和牛犊牛腹泻诊断及综合防治

犊牛腹泻是一种在规模化养牛场中的常见易发病,由于发病病因复杂,如果在第一时间内不能及时做出准确诊断,做好有效治疗,将会造成牛场的快速感染,带来一定的经济损失。本文通过对武威市某规模牛场“汉和牛”犊牛腹泻的病原调查,采集病样进行检测分析,摸清引起该场犊牛腹泻的病原体,根据养殖场实际情况,通过临床和实验室诊断方法,并研究探讨出具体可行的治疗和预防措施。     

美仁牦牛肉不同部位常规营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸测定分析

摘 要：选取放牧条件下体况良好、体重相近的甘南成年美仁公牦牛 6 头、母牦牛 4头进行屠宰,采取美仁牦牛肉的肩甲、背最长肌、股二头肌三个部位的分割肉。测定不同部位营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸。 结果显示：不同部位美仁牦牛肉的蛋白质含量为22.97%～23.07%,其中股二头肌蛋白质含量最低,背最长肌最高;脂肪含量为1.27%～2.49%,股二头肌脂肪脂肪含量较低,不足1.27%。氨基酸含量丰富,脂肪酸总量依次为肩甲、背最长肌、股二头肌上脑肉。通过对比分析不同部位美仁牦牛肉中营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸等含量存在差异。     

产enterocin E5细菌素粪肠球菌发酵条件的优化

采用琼脂扩散法测定粪肠球菌发酵上清液对大肠埃希菌K88的抑菌活性,从而确定产enterocin E5细菌素粪肠球菌的发酵条件。结果表明,粪肠球菌E5产细菌素的发酵培养基为MRS培养基,最适温度为37℃,最适起始pH值6.5,最佳接种量2%,种龄14 h,发酵时间16 h,最佳培养基组分氮源为1%胰蛋白胨、0.5%酵母浸粉,最佳碳源为1%葡萄糖、0.5%蔗糖,0.1%Tween-80有利于enterocin E5的产生。这是分离自北京优良商品猪黑六产enterocin E5粪肠球菌的首次报道。     

蚯蚓纤溶酶基因番茄表达载体的构建

为研究蚯蚓纤溶酶的番茄表达,构建EFE基因的番茄表达载体pF和pEF,并导入农杆菌。采用PCR法在EFE基因DNA序列上添加了表达调控元件和酶切位点后,得到新EFE基因片段,将该片段与切去GUS基因的pBI121载体相连,以构建CaMV35S驱动的EFE组成型表达载体pF;用PCR克隆得到的E8启动子片段替换pF上的35S启动子,以构建番茄成熟果实特异性表达载体pEF;最后,采用三亲交配法用重组质粒转化根癌农杆菌EHA105;结果表明:经过酶切、PCR和测序鉴定,EFE基因、E8启动子序列已重组到表达载体上,植物表达载体构建正确,并且已经转化进农杆菌EHA105中。     

拟南芥U-box蛋白的研究进展

泛素-26s蛋白酶体途径（ubiquitin-26s proteosome pathway,UPP）是真核生物体内一种高度选择性的蛋白降解途径。U—box蛋白是该途径中决定底物特异性的一种泛素连接酶E3。U—box结构域大约由70个氨基酸残基构成,在酵母、植物和动物等真核生物中高度保守。植物U-box蛋白（plant U—box protein,PUB）的数目远多于其他生物,在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。目前在拟南芥中已发现60多个PUB蛋白（Arabidopsis plant U-box protein,AtPUB）,成为近年来受到较多关注的一类蛋白。本文根据蛋白的结构特征和系统进化树比较,将61种AtPUB蛋白分为7大类。同时,对已报道AtPUB蛋白的功能进行了综述并提出了研究展望。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

不同整枝方式对贝贝南瓜生长、果实特性及产量的影响

为提高贝贝南瓜的种植水平和种植效益,筛选适宜的整枝方式,以不整枝栽培为对照,研究了单蔓、双蔓、三蔓整枝方式对贝贝南瓜的品质及产量的影响。结果表明：采用双蔓整枝、三蔓整枝方式比对照分别提早采收4、3 d,叶片浓绿,长势较好,病虫害发生较少,第1雌花节位低,分别在7.3、7.4节,坐果率分别为97.00%、95.83%,果型大小均匀,平均单果质量分别为0.40、0.38 kg。双蔓整枝方式667 m²产量可达2 502.06 kg,三蔓整枝方式次之,为2 467.5 kg,分别较对照显著提高58.2%、44.1%。生产中建议贝贝南瓜选择双蔓整枝方式为最佳,可促进南瓜早熟,提高坐果率,降低畸形果率,提高产量;三蔓枝可备选。     

新型肥料微量元素螯合肥的研究与应用进展

新型肥料因具有成本低、经济效益高,符合“高效环保、低碳节能”的现代农业发展需求等优点,近年来市场发展迅猛,其中螯合剂越来越多被应用于新型肥料生产。为此,从我国肥料应用现状出发,结合对不同类型微量元素的分类及对比,将螯合剂从来源方面分为合成法螯合剂、天然法螯合剂、生物化学法螯合剂和其他法螯合剂,并对其在肥料中的应用现状进行了综合分析;最终得出了螯合肥料的选择要通过高通量检测技术结合应用环境进行选择,走“有机无机相结合—速效持效相互补—螯合态部分替代”的综合路线,微量元素之间应该“速效型—持效型—螯合态型”相互配合才是微量元素肥料持续发展的最佳选择等结论。