用ELISA法观察模型小鼠原发性感染细粒棘球绦虫后特异性抗体的变化规律

分别用较高纯度的细粒棘球绦虫六钩蚴抗原和传统使用的囊液抗原对一次感染和二次感染细粒棘球绦虫六钩蚴的小鼠血清进行ELISA测定，认为寄生于不同部位的包囊刺激机体产生的抗体水平不同．同时检测早期抗体时，六钩蚴抗原比囊液抗原更具有阶段性优越性。小鼠二次感染六钩蚴后六钩蚴抗体水平得到明显加强，并推测认为一次感染产生的六钩蚴抗体可能是具有保护性的抗体。     

新疆棘球蚴Eg95基因的克隆与序列分析

从新疆地区细粒棘球蚴原头节中提取基因组DNA,以细粒棘球蚴原头节DNA为模板,用Eg95特异性引物进行PCR扩增,获得Eg95-XJ-1基因,并将其克隆至pGM-T载体,经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定后,发现新疆株Eg95-XJ-1基因片段为1 304 bp。与Gene Bank中已知的Eg95基因有86%~99%的同源性,其差异大都集中在内含子区;与青海株Eg95基因家族成员同源性最高达97%~99%。这些结果表明,这一新疆地区的Eg95-XJ-1基因为Eg95基因家族成员之一。     

Construction of Full-length cDNA of Recombinant Rabies Virus SRV9 Strain Expressing EgM123 Gene of Echinococcus granulosus

The aim of the experiment was to construct the recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ vaccine strain with EgM123 gene by reverse genetics technology and provide the technical means for effective prevention and control of rabies and hydatidosis in China's agricultural and pastoral areas.In this study,the structural protein N,P and L genes of rabies virus SRV₉ were synthesized using gene synthesis technology,which was based on the complete genome sequence of rabies virus SRV₉ and the fusion fragment of the N-P-M fusion fragment and the rabies G gene,through the carrier of enzyme insertion connection methods,the recombinant rabies virus L gene,N-P-M gene fusion fragment and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fusion fragment were successively recombined on the expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) to construct the full-length cDNA of recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ with EgM123 gene.The synthesized genes were constructed on pcDNA3.1(-) expression vector,and the results of transformation,plasmid digestion and gene sequencing showed that the length of N,P,L,N+P+M and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fragments were 1 365,1 107,6 471,3 160 and 3 256 bp,respectively.The full-length cDNA fragment of EgM123 gene recombinant rabies virus full-length cDNA was 12 465 bp,and the sequencing results of each gene fragment were 100%.In this experiment,the full-length cDNA fragment of recombinant EgM123 rabies and eukaryotic expression vectors of the N,P and L genes of rabies virus were successfully constructed,which could save EgM123 gene recombinant rabies by reverse genetics,it also provided the reference for the development of rabies and hydatid disease combined gene recombinant oral live vaccine.     

Cystic echinococcosis in the Falkland Islands

From 1991 to 1993, an investigation into the epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was carried out in the Falkland Islands to evaluate the progress of the hydatid eradication campaign. The prevalence of CE in sheep was assessed using abattoir and farm slaughter data, and the exposure of dogs to the parasite was estimated using immunological techniques. A total of 59 466 sheep was examined at slaughter for E. granulosus and T. hydatigena cysts and the entire dog population of the Falkland Islands (n = 908) was examined by ELISA for the presence of specific serum antibodies to E. granulosus (IgG, IgA and IgE). In addition, a subsample of dogs (n = 464) was tested for the presence of E. granulosus antigens in faeces (copro-antigens). The prevalence of CE in sheep increased significantly during the period of the study from 0.11% in 1991 to 0.47% in 1993. Nineteen (2.1%) of 908 dog sera tested were seropositive, and eight dogs (1.7%) of 464 tested were positive in the copro-antigen assay. The combined use of abattoir surveillance, specific antibody and copro-antigen assay suggested that there were several locations in the Falkland Islands where the life cycle of E. granulosus may still perpetuate. Specific deficiencies in the eradication effort in those locations could be identified through follow-up questionnaires.     

Experimental alveolar echinococcosis in pigs, lesion development and serological follow up

Liver lesions were found in 6/6 pigs 7 months after oral inoculation with 5000 or 35,000 Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. However, lesion morphology differed considerably among the animals. The largest lesions (3–8 mm in diameter) were found in a single pig and smaller lesions (1.5–3 mm) in three pigs. These lesions were clearly circumscribed and had pronounced central necroses and dystrophic calcifications. In contrast, most of the smallest (usually <1.5 mm in diameter) found in two other pigs, had small compact fibrotic areas and blurred borders with obvious fibrous infiltrations into the interlobular tissues. E. multilocularis specific DNA was detected by PCR in all lesion types, but metacestode viability, as assessed by in vivo intraperitoneal inoculations in jirds, could not be demonstrated. Within 1 month post inoculation, all pigs developed specific IgG antibody responses against a battery of different antigens (metacestode, cyst fluid, and protoscoleces-derived native E. multilocularis and E. granulosus antigens, affinity purified Em2G11 antigen, antigen B, recombinant Em II/3–10 antigen). Two different reaction patterns were recorded. In the two pigs with the small lesions, pronounced reactions against all crude antigens with peaks 3–5 months p.i. and clearly elevated levels until the end of the experiment were noted. In all other pigs, antibody reactions remained low in all cases. In conclusion, we demonstrated two types of E. multilocularis metacestode development in pigs with distinct immunological response patterns.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of larval and adult cestode infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

A study on the prevalence and seasonal incidence of cestode parasite infections of sheep and goats was carried out in eastern Ethiopia for 2 years (May 2003-April 2005). During this period, viscera including liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and the gastro-intestinal tract were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at four abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga. At the abattoirs the abdominal, thoracic and pelvic cavities as well as the muscle surfaces of all animals were visually examined for the presence of larval (cystic) stages of cestode parasites. The viscera were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University and were examined for larval and adult cestodes following standard procedures. The most prevalent metacestodes (larval cestodes) were Cysticercus ovis (Taenia ovis), Cysticercus tenuicollis (T. hydatigena) and hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus). In sheep, the overall prevalence was 26% for C. ovis, 79% for C. tenuicollis, and 68% for hydatid cysts. Similarly, for goats, the corresponding prevalence was 22%, 53% and 65%, respectively. The difference between sheep and goats in prevalence of C. tenuicollis was significant. The high prevalence of hydatid cysts in both sheep and goats indicates that cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a public health problem in these regions which requires implementation of control measures, including public health education, strict meat inspection and control of stray dogs. The results of the survey also implies that infections of small ruminants with these metacestodes are responsible for condemnation of substantial quantities of affected organs and muscles and therefore of direct economic importance. Intestinal infections with adult tapeworms of Moniezia expansa, Avitellina centripunctata and Stilesia globipunctata, and bile duct infections with Stilesia hepatica were also common in both sheep and goats. In sheep, the overall prevalence of these tapeworms were 61%, 20%, 24% and 39%, respectively. Similarly, the overall prevalence of these parasites in goats was 53%, 21%, 27% and 36%, respectively.     

细粒棘球绦虫锌指蛋白基因的克隆、序列分析及在不同发育阶段的表达分析

旨在分析并预测细粒棘球绦虫锌指蛋白(Echinococcus granulosus zinc finger peotein,Eg-ZFP)结构、功能及其在细粒棘球绦虫发育过程中的表达模式,预测其在细粒棘球绦虫防治中潜在的作用。通过对前期细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴(protoscolex,PSC)转录组高通量测序结果中Unigene进行筛选,克隆Eg-ZFP基因并进行序列分析,实时荧光定量PCR(Realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR)分析Eg-ZFP在原头蚴及成虫中的表达特征,利用全量组织原位杂交(Whole mount in situ hybridization,WISH)检测该蛋白mRNA在原头蚴和成虫组织中的分布情况。结果显示,细粒棘球绦虫Eg-ZFP基因的CDS序列长852bp,具有完整的开放阅读框(852bp),编码283个氨基酸,预测表明Eg-ZFP分子质量大小及等电点为31.6ku和8.89;qPCR检测发现,Eg-ZFP在原头蚴及成虫阶段均有表达,且在成虫阶段表达量高;全量组织原位杂交检测结果表明,Eg-ZFP mRNA在原头蚴及成虫中分布广泛,且在成虫的生殖系统中丰度较高,提示Eg-ZFP与虫体生殖发育有关。结果表明Eg-ZFP在细粒棘球绦虫发育过程中具有重要作用,为进一步研究Eg-ZFP在E.granulosus防治中的作用奠定基础。     

细粒棘球蚴RTN4基因的克隆及序列分析

【目的】克隆细粒棘球蚴(Eg)内质网膜蛋白4(Reticulon-4,RTN4)抗原基因,对其序列进行生物信息学分析。【方法】采集感染Eg的绵羊肝脏和肺脏,提取Eg头节总RNA为模板,对RTN4基因进行RT-PCR扩增,将PCR产物克隆到pMD19-T载体后测序,对其核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。【结果】Eg RTN4cDNA全长654bp,编码217个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量为25.3ku,等电点为8.83。编码氨基酸序列中含有1个N端酰基化位点、2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和4个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点。经生物信息学软件预测,RTN4蛋白的抗原表位区主要集中在第1-47位、第71-147位和第171-217位区域;含有2个高度疏水区,2个跨膜区,膜外区分别位于第1-47位和第171-217位。【结论】成功克隆了Eg RTN4基因,预测了其编码蛋白抗原的结构和表位。     

检测青海省藏獒棘球绦虫虫卵方法的比较

应用蔗糖离心尼龙网筛法、福尔马林乙醚沉淀法和饱和蔗糖漂浮法,对来自青海省的83份藏獒的粪便,进行棘球绦虫虫卵检查。结果：上述三法的阳性检出率分别为18．07％（15／83）,15．66％（13／83）和13．25％（11／83）。