Validation of the otoliths for age determination in Barbus sclateri (Günth.)

Abstract – Otoliths were used to explore the timing of annulus formation in Barbus sclateri. Lapillus exhibited opaque and translucent zones whose combination was formed once a year. Opaque zones appeared formed from July and January, and the translucent ones from February to June. We describe a procedure to assess age by using the number of annulii, the condition of the otolith's edge and the capture date. The use of otoliths for age determination in this cyprinid endemic to the Iberian Peninsula provides a useful alternative to the traditional methods of scale reading. ^Note     

Patterns of silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) sex ratio in a catchment

Abstract –  Changes in the numbers and size-class structure of European silver eels, Anguilla anguilla , in the River Frémur (France) were examined over a 9-year period after installation of downstream eel passes. The number of silver eels migrating downstream peaked in 1999, then decreased strongly and steadily after 2000, reaching relatively low levels. At the same time, a gradual shift in the silver eel sex ratio from a dominance of males (size from 270 to 442 mm, age from 3 to 6 years) to females (size from 366 to 1112 mm, age from 4 to 9 years) was recorded. Possible explanations for the escapement patterns observed are environmental sex determination and the installation of eel passes on the main hydraulic engineering structures in 1992 and 1996.     

辣椒素类物质的测定、提取及应用研究进展

本文介绍了辣椒果实中辣椒素类物质的化学组成与结构,综述了国内外在辣椒素类物质的测定、提取及应用方面的研究情况。     

Phenotypic plasticity induced using high ambient temperature during embryogenesis in domesticated zebrafish,Danio rerio

Ambient temperature during early stages of life has a substantial effect on physiological processes, eliciting phenotypic plasticity during zebrafish developmental stages. Zebrafish are known to possess a noteworthy ability to modify their phenotype in dependence of environmental factors. However, there is a poor understanding of the effects of temperature during embryogenesis, which influences the biological functions such as survival ability and masculinization in later developmental stages. Since the middle embryonic phase (pharyngula period) is genetically the most conserved stage in embryogenesis, it is very susceptible to embryonic lethality in developmental processes of vertebrates. Here, we tested the effect of transient perturbations (heat shock) during early development (5–24 hr post‐fertilization; hpf) at 35°C compared to control group at 28°C, on survival ability of zebrafish to study the embryonic and post‐embryonic mortality. We studied the variation of heat‐induced masculinization among and across the families in response to high temperature. Furthermore, morphometric traits of adult zebrafish at different developmental time points were measured in order to estimate the temperature × sex interaction effect. We found the highest embryonic mortality around the gastrula and segmentation periods in both experimental groups, with significantly lower survival ability in the temperature‐treated group (73.30% ± 0.58% vs. 70.19% ± 0.57%, respectively). A higher hatching success was observed in the control group (71.08% ± 0.61%) compared to the heat‐induced group (67.95% ± 0.60%). A distinct reduction in survival ability was also observed in both experimental groups during the first two weeks after hatching, followed by a reduced level of changes thereafter. We found sex ratio imbalances across all families, with 25.2% more males under temperature treatment. Our study on growth performance has shown a positive effect of increased temperature on growth plasticity, with a greater impact on female fish in response to high ambient temperature.     

4种黄酒基本营养成分的检测与比较

摘要:目的：为了开发灵芝黄酒,并提高南阳黄酒的知名度,本文测定了绍兴黄酒、南阳黄酒、和两种灵芝黄酒中基本营养元素的含量,并对其含量进行了比较。方法：用氨基酸自动分析仪对四种黄酒中的17种氨基酸进行了全面的定量分析;利用荧光法对四种黄酒中的维生素B1、维生素B2进行了定量分析;采用2,4-二硝基苯肼法检测不同黄酒中的维生素C的含量。结论：四种黄酒在基本营养成分含量上各有所长。     

家蚕幼虫体黄酮类化合物的提取及测定方法

为推进家蚕幼虫体的药用开发,研究了家蚕幼虫体黄酮类化合物含量的测定方法。将家蚕幼虫粉过80目筛,选用80%乙醇为溶剂,原料质量浓度按00333g/mL在60℃下抽提4h,重复抽提3次,可高效地提取家蚕幼虫体黄酮类化合物。以NaNO2Al(NO3)3显色,用紫外分光光度计于510nm波长下比色,可精确、稳定地测定出家蚕幼虫体中黄酮类化合物含量。家蚕幼虫体富含黄酮类化合物,其质量比达23770mg/g左右。     

一种利用气相色谱快速检测瘤胃体外发酵液中三甲胺浓度的方法

本试验旨在建立一种利用气相色谱快速检测瘤胃体外发酵液中三甲胺浓度的方法.瘤胃体外发酵试验设置2个组,对照组(n=4)和试验组(n=4),试验组每个发酵瓶中添加0.0414 g三甲胺盐酸盐,发酵24 h.采用10 mol/L氢氧化钾溶液对发酵液样品进行预处理,使用WEL-PEG20M色谱柱和氢火焰离子检测器对三甲胺进行分...     

Land-cover and structural changes in a western Norwegian cultural landscape since 1865, based on an old cadastral map and a field survey

Many studies of land-cover and structural changes in cultural landscapes have used historical maps as a source for information about past land-cover. All transformations of historical maps onto modern coordinate systems are however burdened with difficulties when it comes to accuracy. We show that a detailed land survey of the present landscape may enable transformation of an old cadastral map directly onto the present terrain with very high accuracy. The detailed resulting map enabled us to locate remnants of semi-natural grasslands and man-made structures with continuity from 1865 and to test hypotheses about relationships between landscape changes and landscape characteristics. The main land-cover change 1865–2002 was decrease of arable fields, and addition of three new land-cover classes: horticultural, orchard and abandoned areas. Of the 330 man-made structures present in 1865, only 58 remained in 2002, while 63 new structures had been built after 1865. We found that semi-natural grasslands with continuity since 1865 were situated on ground with significantly lower production capacity than mean 1865 production capacity. The man-made structures with continuity since 1865 were also associated with areas with significantly lower production capacity than the 1865 mean, situated in significantly steeper terrain but not further from the hamlet. Our study illustrates the potential of digitised and accurately transformed historical cadastral maps combined with detailed field surveys for analysis of land-cover and structural changes in the cultural landscape.     

灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的测定

建立了灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的检测方法。方法以齐墩果酸作为标准品．用香草醛一高氯酸发色体系进行比色．确定灵芝发酵菌丝三萜含量测定的实验条件．结果三萜类在20—140ug范围内有很好的线性关系．y=0．005x-0．019r=0．998。结论本法简便、准确、重复性好．可用于灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类含量的检测．以鉴定灵芝的品质及其产品的三萜含量。