贸易术语FOB、CFR、CIF的应用分析

从国际分工产生以来,国际间的贸易日益加强,因此作为拥有不同文化和不同语言的各个国家间经济贸易的桥梁——贸易术语也显得愈发重要。本文从三种贸易术语FOB、CFR、CIF的内涵出发来分析三种贸易术语中买卖双方所承担的权利义务关系等特征,并通过研究三种贸易术语FOB、CFR、CIF之间的异同点来加深对其的掌握,为之后在实践应用中所应注意的问题以及贸易术语的正确选用奠定基础。     

The Influence of Endogenous Hormones on Culture Capability of Different Explants in Rice

The endogenous hormones (EHs) content of different explants (anther, young panicle, young embryo and mature embryo)and calli with different culture capability were analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the contents and ratio of endogenous hormones were one of the key factors affecting callus induction frequencies (CIF) and green plantlet differentiation frequencies (GPDF). The influence of endogenous hormones of different explants on CIF represented as: Zoatin ribosile (ZR) showed negative effect, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) did positive effect, and gibberellic acid (GA) did negative effect except for mature embryos. The influence of endogenous hormones on green plantlet differentiation frequency (GPDF) showed: IAA and GA were negative effect; abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin+ zeatin riboside (Z+ZR) were positive effect. The mixture ratio of endogenous hormones played a role on CIF and GPDF. IAA/Z+ZR had a positive effect on CIF, and there was a notable positive correlation between Z+ZR/IAA and GPDF, so was between ABA/IAA and GPDF.     

1992-2016年我国苜蓿进出口变化及成因分析

1992-2008年,我国苜蓿为净出口国;及至2008-2016年,我国逐渐由苜蓿净出口国转变为净进口国。对此,本文分析了这一变化的内在原因,并提出了有针对性和可操作性的相关建议。