辣椒中可用于辅助选择的分子标记及其研究进展

分子标记辅助选择已成为植物育种领域的热点,在辣椒的育种中具有广阔的应用潜力。对分子标记辅助选择方法及其在辣椒育种中的应用进行综述,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

Assessing the potential for urban trees to facilitate forest tree migration in the eastern United States

Latitudinal shifts in tree species distributions are a potential impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. It has been hypothesized that some tree species may become extirpated as climate change effects may exceed their migration ability. The goal of this study was to compare tree species compositions in northern urban areas to tree compositions in forestland areas in the eastern U.S. as an indicator of the potential for urban trees to facilitate future forest tree species migration. Results indicated that a number of tree species native to eastern U.S. forests of southern latitudes are currently present in northern urban forests. The biomass density (Mg/ha) of urban tree species is typically less than half of forestland densities with the majority of urban tree species found in nearby (<100 km) forestland. Urban tree propagation is often facilitated by humans, whereas the necessary pollinators and agents of tree seed dispersal in forestlands may be lacking regardless of climate change. It is suggested that urban areas may serve divergent, dual roles as both a native tree seed source and refuge for a limited number of forestland tree species, but also a facilitator of non-native tree invasion.     

辽宁冰砬山地区蒙古栎生长过程研究

在辽宁冰砬山地区不同立地条件的蒙古栎林分中设置5块样地进行各项因子调查,在每个样地内伐取1株蒙古栎平均木进行树干解析,解析木年龄为50～63 a,树干解析数据表明:胸径连年生长量高峰值出现在15 a,平均生长量高峰值出现在20 a;树高连年生长量高峰值出现在15 a,平均生长量高峰值出现在15～20 a;材积连年生长量和平均生长量在35 a前增长较快,45 a后有所减缓,从生长量变化趋势来看,数量成熟龄应在60 a左右。选用5个生长模型对胸径、树高、材积的总生长过程进行了拟合,结果表明Richards曲线拟合效果最好,可以用其作为胸径、树高、材积的生长预估模型。     

现代CAI技术在电气化实践教学中的应用

现代CAI技术对丰富教学内涵,提高教学质量具有很大的促进作用.为此,阐述了多媒体CAI技术在专业实践教学中的应用,并提出了没想,指出了其具有的传统教学所无法比拟的优势;同时,针对实践教学如何采用CAI技术及课件制作原则进行了探讨.     

配气机构拆装CAI课件的开发研制

针对基于捷达汽车发动机设计的配气机构多媒体课件,主要介绍了配气机构的基本工作原理、拆装过程及注意事项,该课件可用于发动机配气机构结构原理的讲解或作为发动机拆装实习的辅助教学。该软件主要利用3ds max 4.0制作素材,渲染成＊.bmp图片和＊.avi动画文件;利用Photoshop制作背景和按钮;利用Authorware进行整体链接和画面的调整、音乐的播放和停止、动画的播放和停止,以及帮助和退出等设计。     

Assisted colonization: Integrating conservation strategies in the face of climate change

Global climate change poses an immense challenge for conservation biologists seeking to mitigate impacts to species and ecosystems. Species persistence will depend on geographic range shifts or adaptation in response to warming patterns as novel climates and community assemblages arise. Assisted colonization has been proposed as a method for addressing these challenges. This technique, which consists of transporting species to a new range that is predicted to be favorable for persistence under future climate scenarios, has become the subject of controversy and discussion in the conservation community due to its highly manipulative nature, questions about widespread feasibility, and uncertainty associated with the likelihood of translocated species becoming invasive. We reviewed the discussion and criticism associated with assisted colonization and sought to identify other conservation techniques that also display potential to promote the colonization and adaptation of species in response to climate change. We propose an integrated conservation strategy that includes management for habitat connectivity, conservation genetics, and when necessary, assisted colonization of species that are still unable to shift their ranges even given implementation of the above standard conservation approaches. We argue that this integrated approach will facilitate persistence for a larger proportion of species than is possible by solely using assisted colonization. Furthermore, a multi-faceted approach will likely reduce the uncertainty of conservation outcomes and will become increasingly necessary for conservation of biodiversity in a changing climate.     

Assessing the potential impacts of climate change and their conservation implications in Japan: A case study of conifers

The Japanese archipelago is a biodiversity hotspot with a unique regional climate influenced by the Asian monsoon circulation, surrounding seas, and complex topography. Japan has numerous mountains and islands, which are potentially vulnerable to climate change. This study evaluated the potential impact of climate change on species diversity in Japan, using 25 conifer tree species as a case study. We applied ensemble models based on generalised additive models, artificial neural networks, generalised boostedmodels, and random forests to species’ locality records at 1 km² resolution. The results indicated a substantial impact, such that 80% of the species may lose over half of their current climatically suitable areas by 2100. The lower altitudinal range limits were projected to shift upwards by 293 m on average, suggesting that alpine/sub-alpine and sub-boreal species may face widespread local extinctions. The impacts on sub-alpine species may be moderated by assisted migration to the northern island where they currently do not occur. However, climatically suitable areas for these species and sub-boreal species that occur on the island overlapped significantly, indicating that assisted migration may entail the risk of introducing biotic competition or interbreeding. Thus, rugged topography and dispersal barriers between islands are likely to amplify the future impacts of climate change in Japan. Limited areas in the central mountain region were identified as potential bioclimatic refugia, which should be conserved as a priority.     

A WWW Based CAI Environment

A CAI environment based on WWW is described and its advantages and feasibility are discussed. Also a set of functions of this CAI system and a set of tools of courseware authoring and system supervising are designed.     

《汽车构造》多媒体CAI课件的开发

介绍了一种汽车构造多媒体CAI课件的设计方案．其总体结构与技术路线与其它同类课件相比有一定的优越性．表现在它基于WEB技术设计、结构清晰、素材丰富、交互性好等特点，能较好地适应课堂教学和网络教学的需要。