Dietary supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract enhances gut health in weanling piglets

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut health in weanling piglets by examining diarrhea frequency, intestinal microbiota and morphology. A total of 96 Duroc× (Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.4 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 4 duplicates of 8 piglets each. The piglets were fed basal diet to which had been added 0 or 1 g/kg of ASE, or 0.7 g/kg antibiotics, respectively. Fecal consistence was monitored twice daily and the frequency of diarrhea was calculated. On day 21 after the initiation of supplementation, 8 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment group (2 piglets per pen) and slaughtered. The jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum were then excised and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution to determine villus height and crypt depth, after their contents were collected to determine microbiota. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ASE increased (P < 0.05) the density of bacterial populations that co-migrated with Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium lituseburens, but decreased (P < 0.05) those co-migrating with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Ruminococcus forques, and E. coli O157:H7 in the PCR-DGGE profiling analysis when compared with the control group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased (P < 0.05) by 14.8, 13.7 and 10.0%, while the crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) by 17.9, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to dietary ASE supplementation. Additionally dietary supplementation with ASE or an antibiotic decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency of diarrhea by 55.6 and 52.2%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with ASE could regulate the microbiota composition and maintain a normal morphology of gut mucosa in weanling piglets, thereby decreasing diarrhea that resulted from weaning stress.     

几种中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝免疫功能和生长性能的影响

将300尾13～17g的健康黄鳝(Monopterus albus)随机分为1个对照组和4个试验组,每组3个重复,试验组分别饲喂添加有茯苓、五加皮、黄芪以及这3种中药的混合物的饲料。经30d饲养后,结果表明,茯苓、黄芪及五加皮可使黄鳝血液白细胞的吞噬活性、血清的溶菌酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05);同时,五加皮、黄芪、茯苓及这3种中药的混合物均对黄鳝增重有显著促进作用(P<0.05),其中五加皮对黄鳝的增重最为明显。     

红毛五加叶水提液对羟自由基清除率的测定

[目的]测定红毛五加叶水提液对羟自由基的清除率并评价其抗氧化活性。[方法]利用Fenton反应产生羟自由基,用二甲亚砜（DMSO）捕获羟自由基并与之反应生成甲醛,甲醛经2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生成相应的苯腙,通过HPLC检测加或不加样品时该苯腙的峰面积的变化,从而计算红毛五加叶水提液对羟自由基的清除率。色谱条件：色谱柱为Diamonsil C18（250 mm×4.6 mm5,μm）,流动相为乙腈-水（65∶35,V/V）,流速为0.8 ml/min,检测波长为365 nm。[结果]Fenton反应体系为2.0 mmol/L Fe2＋＋107.7 mmol/L H2O2＋225.2 mmol/L DMSO;在该反应体系中红毛五加叶水提液清除羟自由基的IC50为0.67 mg/ml（即每1 ml含药材量为0.67 mg）;红毛五加叶总皂苷是清除羟自由基的活性成分。[结论]红毛五加叶水提液能够清除Fenton反应产生的羟自由基,具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

用HPLC法测定刺五加根叶中紫丁香苷的质量分数

利用HPLC法对刺五加根与叶中紫丁香苷的质量分数进行了测定.结果表明：临江刺五加根皮中紫丁香苷的质量分数为0.466%,茎皮为0.043%~0.313%;黑龙江刺五加根皮中紫丁香苷的质量分数为0.333%,茎皮为0.316%;甘肃刺五加根皮中紫丁香苷的质量分数为0.054%,茎皮中为0.027%;临江仿生栽培的刺五加叶中紫丁香苷的质量分数为0.089%~0.206%.     

刺五加导管特征及其与刺五加苷B·E含量相关性的分析

[目的]分析不同产地刺五加导管特征及其与刺五加苷B、E含量的相关性。[方法]以不同产地刺五加的1年生根、茎为试材,石蜡切片法制片,测定导管周长、面积,HPLC法测定刺五加苷B、E含量。[结果]刺五加根中导管平均面积、周长分别为986.89μm2、141.08μm,茎中导管平均面积、周长分别为362.48μm2、88.46μm,不同产地刺五加根、茎中导管的周长、面积差异显著。刺五加茎中刺五加苷E含量与茎中导管面积呈显著相关。[结论]导管面积、周长可以作为鉴定刺五加产地来源的指标,茎中导管面积可作为茎中刺五加苷E含量的早期鉴定指标。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus on gastrointestinal tract development in calves

Twenty‐four newborn Holstein dairy male calves (with initial body weight of 38 ± 3.0 kg) were used in a randomized block design experiment to determine effects of dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on gastrointestinal tract development. Calves were fed milk (10%/body weight) three times at 06.00, 12.00 and 18.00 hours daily with one to four treatments during the experimental periods (4 to 28 days): no supplementation of AS (control group, CG); 1.0 g/L?time of micro‐powder AS (MP); 1.0 g/L?time of superfine powder AS (SP); or 1.0 g/L?time of coarse powder AS (CP). On days 7, 14, 21 and 28, 20 mL blood samples were collected at 06.00 hours before the morning feeding. At the end of the trial (28 days), all calves were euthanized, and tissue samples were taken and placed in 4% buffered formaldehyde for analyses. In the rumen of MP treatment, compared with the CG treatment, wall thickness and papillae diameter was both significantly lower (P <0.05), while crypt depth was significantly greater (P <0.05). In the duodenum, villi diameter of AS supplemented treatments was significantly lower than that of CG treatment (P <0.05) . Results indicate that calves during sucking period supplemented with AS as MP style could promote gastrointestinal development.     

水分胁迫对刺五加幼苗光合生理特性的影响

 通过对刺五加（Acanthopanax Senticosus）幼苗的盆栽实验,模拟4个土壤水分梯度（对照、轻度水分胁迫、中度水分胁迫和重度水分胁迫）下,刺五加幼苗的光合色素、光合作用以及脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的变化特性。结果表明:光合色素含量随水分胁迫程度的加强呈下降的趋势,中度和重度水分胁迫组的光合色素含量较低,均显著低于对照组,而轻度水分胁迫组的光合色素含量与对照组差异不明显,且一直保持很高水平。各组的叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量比值在3.02～3.65之间波动。在轻度的水分胁迫环境下,其净光合速率未受到显著影响,保持与对照组一致的较高水平,其蒸腾速率较低,比对照组下降27.25%,而水分利用效率比对照组增加26.97%。在中度水分胁迫环境下,刺五加幼苗表现出了较低的净光合速率和蒸腾速率以及较高的水分利用效率,与对照组相比,净光合速率下降29.46%,蒸腾速率下降50.67%,水分利用效率升高33.70%;重度的水分胁迫下的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均处于最低水平,但此时水分利用效率却最大,高出对照77.51%。在整个实验期,叶片脯氨酸和丙二醛含量随着干旱胁迫强度的增加和胁迫时间的延长而持续上升。研究表明,刺五加幼苗具有一定的抗旱能力,但不适应相对干旱的土壤水分环境。研究结论为人工栽培刺五加提供了科学依据。     

刺五加提取物抗仔猪断奶应激的效用

【目的】研究刺五加提取物(ASE)的抗仔猪断奶应激作用。【方法】生长试验选用96头体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加ASE日粮和添加抗生素日粮。试验期21d,观察仔猪生长性能,测定血清生化参数及相关激素水平的变化。消化试验选用6头仔公猪(同上),按2×3×3复拉丁方设计,饲喂上述3种日粮,测定营养物质的消化率。【结果】与基础日粮组相比,ASE可显著提高日增重、显著降低料肉比;提高日粮钙、总能和磷的表观消化率;提高断奶后血清低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇和葡萄糖的含量,降低血清尿素氮含量并提高血清碱性磷酸酶活性;显著提高血清游离甲状腺素T3和T4、生长激素及胰岛素样生长因子-1水平和T3/T4。【结论】ASE可调节激素分泌,提高断奶仔猪消化代谢水平,从而减缓断奶应激,促进仔猪生长。     

刺五加黑斑病菌孢子萌发的影响因子

为了探讨刺五加黑斑病菌孢子萌发的影响因素,在刺五加不同器官汁液等基质培养条件下及在不同温度处理条件下,研究了刺五加黑斑病菌在不同时间的孢子萌发率.刺五加黑斑病菌在刺五加不同器官汁液基质培养条件下及在不同温度处理条件下,孢子的萌发率都随着时间的延长而升高;其中在不同刺五加器官汁液基质处理条件的孢子萌发率比清水对照高,表明其各器官汁液基质更有利于病原菌孢子的萌发,其中茎基质处理的孢子萌发率最高;而在不同温度处理条件下,各调查时间段中,病原菌孢子萌发率都是在25℃时最高.即刺五加黑斑病菌孢子萌发的最适温度为25℃.     

刺五加"全光喷雾"硬枝扦插育苗试验

刺五加为扦插难生根树种，以1．5a生刺五加苗为母株采穗扦插，其平均生根率达60％以上，最高达90％。