Evaluation of cardiac performance of the dog after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia

Objective: To determine changes in hemodynamic and cardiac energetic parameters in dogs after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. These blood flow alterations are similar to changes seen in splanchnic blood flow in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV). Design: Original experimental study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Seven purpose‐bred, intact male dogs. Interventions: Standard midline laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed under general anesthesia. Dogs were instrumented to obtain arterial blood pressure, aortic flow, cardiac chamber pressures, central venous pressure, portal flow, and portal pressure. Colored microsphere technology was used for the determination of myocardial blood flow. Measurements and samples were obtained at baseline, following induction of portal hypertension, and after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Measurements and main results: Left ventricular myocardial blood flow was increased from 81.8±20.1 mL/100 g/min at baseline to 127.7±57.2 mL/100 g/min (P=0.02) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Myocardial oxygen consumption increased from 142.2±27.4 J/min/100 g at baseline to 219.1±33.4 J/min/100 g (P=0.003) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia, but cardiac external work remained unchanged (13.67±6.2 to 13.27±9.6 J/min; P=0.78; power=0.79). Cardiac efficiency decreased from 11.6±6.1% at baseline to 7.6±5.1% (P=0.017) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Conclusions: Transfer of energy within the myocardium was less efficient after induction of portal hypertension and ischemia of the stomach wall. On the basis of these results, alterations in cardiac function associated with GDV may result from deterioration of cardiac efficiency.     

锌、铁和维生素A互作对肉仔鸡血清和肝脏抗氧化效应的影响

试验选用360只健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公、母混养),采用2×2×3三因子析因化设计,将360只试验雏鸡随机分成12组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。锌的添加浓度为50、100mg/kg,铁的添加浓度为30、60mg/kg,维生素A的添加浓度为1500、3000、6000IU/kg。测定了肉仔鸡血清、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、铜锌超氧化物歧化(酶CuZn-SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,以此来研究不同水平的锌、铁、维生素A同时添加,三者在肉仔鸡血清、肝脏抗氧化功能方面的互作效应。结果表明:锌、铁与维生素A三者互作对提高肉仔鸡血清CuZn-SOD活性影响极显(著P<0.01),对提高肉仔鸡肝脏GSH-Px活性和降低MDA含量影响极显(著P<0.01)。这说明锌、铁、维生素A三者之间在肉仔鸡抗氧化方面存在协同效应。     

军曹鱼幼鱼日粮锌最适添加量的研究

试验选用234尾军曹鱼随机分为6个处理,每处理设3个重复,每重复13尾鱼,采用单因素浓度梯度法研究军曹鱼幼鱼商品饲料中锌的最适添加量。在基础日粮(锌含量为75.47mg/kg)中分别添加锌0、30、70、110、150和190mg/kg,制成6种试验日粮,分别投喂军曹鱼幼鱼6周。试验结果表明,基础日粮组鱼成活率、饲料系数、特定生长率、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性、肌肉和血清锌含量与添加锌组无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加锌组骨骼和肝脏锌含量与基础日粮组差异显著(P<0.05),表现为随锌添加的增加而上升的趋势。以成活率和特定生长率为评价指标,军曹鱼商品日粮中的锌含量可以满足其正常生长需求,不需要额外添加锌。     

猪霍乱沙门菌菌蜕的制备及免疫保护力研究

为制备猪霍乱沙门菌菌蜕并研究其免疫保护力,本实验克隆噬菌体phiX174裂解基因E,与pBV220连接,构建温控溶菌表达载体,将该载体转入猪霍乱沙门菌TTB1中,制备菌蜕并对其裂解率、安全性以及对小鼠的免疫保护力进行了研究。结果显示：成果克隆了裂解基因E、片段大小274bp,构建了温控溶菌质粒载体pBVE,制备了猪霍乱沙门菌菌蜕,其裂解率最高为99.46%、经冻干灭活残余活菌,安全性试验检测证实其安全后,对小鼠进行了免疫保护试验,其保护率为70%、与弗氏佐剂灭活苗保护率相当、优于甲醛灭活苗。研究结果为猪霍乱沙门菌引发疾病的防治奠定了基础。     

庆阳站持久高效草地农业优化模式

根据多年的技术资料和生产实际，采用线性规划法作为系统优化的基本方法，拟定了庆阳黄土高原试验站草地农业结构的优化模式。     

冬季羔羊舍饲育肥中应用膨润土的试验研究

在玉米秸为主的日粮中每头添加膨润土１６ｇ／ｄ和羟甲基尿素２０ｇ／ｄ进行羔羊快速育肥试验。结果表明,羔羊日增重由对照组的６５．００ｇ提高到试验组的１２０．６３ｇ,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。饲料转化效率提高４６．０１％。４０ｄ后羔羊瘤胃液ｐＨ值明显降低。膨润土能改善羔羊瘤胃消化代谢并促进羔羊生长。     

京都奶牛场蹄病研究报告

将患有蹄病的奶牛按病情严重程度分为三级,每级选12头,将36头牛随机分为4组,每组9头。第一组为对照组,第二组每头牛日粮中添加35%石粉18g,第三组每头牛日粮中添加硫酸锌1.2g,第四组每头牛日粮中同时添加35%石粉18g和硫酸锌1.2g。同样护理,每周对试验牛群进行修蹄或换药。经过一个月的治疗,第一组治愈1头、有效3头、无效5头;第二组治愈2头、有效6头、无效1头;第三组治愈3头、有效4头、无效2头;第四组治愈7头、有效2头、无效0头。经卡方检验,除第二、三组差异不显著外,其他各组之间差异显著。结果表明,在日粮中适量提高钙、锌含量,对奶牛蹄病有良好的预防和治疗作用。     

留茎高度对红芪经济性状、品质和耗水规律的影响

采用单因素随机区组法,在甘南高原地区研究红芪留茎高度对其产量、品质和土壤水分的影响。结果表明,红芪在7月上旬现蕾前剪茎,且留茎50 cm水分利用效率最高,主根长、根径、单株根鲜重等经济性状和产量最高,且产量比CK提高了30.86%,差异极显著,多糖含量、总黄酮含量也最高,药材品质最优。红芪留茎高度约50 cm较为理想,既可以节水,又能达到增产和改善药材品质的效果。     

Comparison of plasma vitamin A and E,copper and zinc levels in free‐ranging and captive greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) and their relation to pododermatitis

Pododermatitis is a worldwide problem in captive flamingos. Studies in domestic poultry showed that nutrition is a possible influencing factor for pododermatitis. Vitamin A and E, copper and zinc levels were analysed in two different diets (diet 1 = in‐house mix and diet 2 = commercial diet) and in plasma of captive greater flamingos fed these diets and compared to those of free‐ranging greater flamingos. Results were analysed with respect to type and severity of foot lesions of the individuals from the different groups. Juvenile and subadult/adult captive flamingos on diet 1 showed various types and severities of foot lesions, whereas no foot lesions were found at the time of blood sampling in juvenile captive flamingos on diet 2. Juvenile captive flamingos on diet 1 had significantly lower plasma zinc levels than juvenile captive flamingos on diet 2 and juvenile free‐ranging flamingos; data were also lower than reference ranges for flamingos, poultry and cranes. There were no significant differences in plasma vitamin A, vitamin E, copper or zinc levels between animals with different types of foot lesions or with different severity scores. Shortly after the change to diet 2 (fed to juvenile captive flamingos that did not show any foot lesion), the flooring of the outdoor water pools was covered with fine granular sand. Because both factors (nutrition and flooring) were changed during the same evaluation period, it cannot be concluded which factor contributed in what extent to the reduction of foot lesions. While it is assumed that low plasma zinc levels identified in the group of juvenile captive flamingos on diet 1 were not directly responsible for foot lesions observed in these animals, they may have played a role in altering the skin integrity of the feet and predisposing them to pododermatitis.     

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF FELINE LEUKOCYTES RADIOLABELED IN WHOLE BLOOD WITH 99MTC STANNOUS COLLOID

Technetium-99m stannous colloid (^99mTcSnC) has been used to radiolabel human leukocytes to investigate various inflammatory disorders. We investigated the in vitro behavior of feline leukocytes labeled in whole blood with ^99mTcSnC. Heparinized blood samples were collected from healthy cats and divided into control and test aliquots. The latter were labeled with ^99mTcSnC using a standard procedure. Leukocyte viability was determined for each sample using a trypan blue exclusion test. Labeling efficiency was determined for test aliquots. Test aliquots were layered onto Histopaque-1077^® and centrifuged before measurement of radioactivity of the blood components. Leukocytes from radiolabeled and control samples were washed and incubated with opsonized zymosan particles to allow assessment of phagocytic function. Aliquots were taken from radiolabeled feline leukocyte samples at 1, 3, 4, and 7 h postlabelling. After centrifugation of each aliquot, radioactivity of the supernatant and pellet was measured and the labeling retention determined. Leukocyte viability in both radiolabeled and control samples was >98%. The labeling efficiency was 95.2±0.14%. The distribution of radioactivity in feline blood was found to be 3.4±0.18% in plasma, 39.0±0.37% in erythrocytes, and 57.6±0.38% in leukocytes. Labeled feline leukocytes had phagocytic activity of 90.9±0.18% (control 91.3±0.15%). The radiolabeled leukocytes retained 93.4±0.19% of the radioactivity up to 7 h postlabeling. ^99mTcSnC efficiently labeled feline leukocytes with no effect on viability and minimal effect on phagocytic function. The percentage retention of radioactivity by the leukocytes was still high at 7 h postlabeling.