硫酸盐对锌和镉在可变电荷土壤上吸附的影响

SO4^2- and Zn^2 or Cd^2 were added to three variable charge soils in different sequences.In one sequence sulfate was added first ,and in the other,Zn^2 or Cd^2 first.The addition of sulfate to the system invariably caused an increase in adsorption of the heavy metal added,with the effect more remarkable whn the soil reacted with the sulfate prior to the metal.the shift in pH50 for both Zn and Cd adsorption was aslo comparatively larger in the first sequence of reactions .It was suggested that the increase in negative charge density and the resultant negative potential of the soil were the primary cause of the pronounced effect of sulfate on adsorption of Zn or Cd,and the formaiton of the ternary surface complex-S-SO4-M might also play a role in the effect.     

Effects of planting soybean in summer fallow on wheat grain yield,total N and Zn in grain and available N and Zn in soil on the Loess Plateau of China

Dryland wheat is the major contributor to wheat production in the world, where water deficiency and poor soil fertility are key factors limiting wheat grain yields and nutrient concentrations. A field experiment was carried out from June 2008 to June 2011 at Shilipu (latitude 35.12°N, longitude 107.45°E and altitude 1200 m above sea level) on the Loess Plateau (a typical dryland) in China, to investigate the effects of rotation with soybean (Glycine max) green manure (GM) on grain yield, total N and total Zn concentrations in subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and on nitrate-N and available Zn in the soil. The benefits of crop rotation with soybean GM on wheat grain yields became more evident with time. In the second and third years, the grain yields of wheat rotated with soybean GM reached 4871 and 5089 kg ha⁻¹ at the 108 kg N ha⁻¹ rate. These yields were 21% and 12% higher than the highest yields of wheat under a fallow-winter wheat (FW) rotation. Rotation with soybean GM reduced the amount of N fertilizer required to obtain wheat grain yields and biomass levels similar to wheat grown in the FW rotation by 20–33%. In the first 2 years, average grain N concentrations over all N rates increased by 6% and 12%, and those of Zn increased by 26% and 14% under the soybean GM-winter wheat (SW) rotation, compared with the FW rotation. The increased grain N and Zn concentrations were found to be related to the increased concentrations of nitrate-N and available Zn in the soil, particularly at the sowing of winter wheat. However, grain N and Zn concentrations were not improved by rotation with soybean GM in the third year. This was attributed to the dilution effect caused by the more grain yield increase than its nutrient export. In conclusion, planting soybean for GM in fallow fields reduced the need for N fertilizer to enhance wheat yields in this dryland region. Change in wheat grain N and Zn concentrations was related to soil nutrient concentrations, and to the balance between increased grain yield and its nutrient export.     

低温胁迫下增施锌肥对水稻氮代谢与干物质积累的影响

[目的]施锌是缓解低温胁迫对水稻伤害的有效途径之一,低温胁迫下研究增加施锌量对水稻氮代谢与物质积累的影响,为低温年提高水稻抗低温能力提供理论依据.[方法]采用三叶一心期水稻幼苗进行水培试验,设置低(Zn?0.08?μmol/L)、常规(Zn?0.15?μmol/L)、高(Zn?0.30?μmol/L)?3个ZnSO4·...     

Effect of high rates of zinc on several crops grown on an irrigated plainfield sand

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to determine whether Zn applied for pathogen control could accumulate to a level which would be toxic to snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) was applied at rates varying from 0 to 363 kg Zn/ha on a Flainfield loamy sand to approximate 3, 9, 27 and 81 years of fungicidal treatment.

Even at the high rate of Zn, yields of snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn generally were not reduced. As rates of applied Zn increased, there was a corresponding increase in the level of Zn in the leaf tissue of all crops grown. At the high Zn rate, snapbean and cucumber leaf tissue accumulated over 350 ppm Zn. Available soil Zn was extracted with 0.1N HCl, EDTA, or DTPA. Highly significant correlations were observed between the Zn removed by each extractant and plant tissue Zn, thus, indicating that the various extractants were equally effective in predicting Zn uptake.

Very little downward movement of Zn was observed. Two and one‐half years after application, the Zn had leached to a depth of only 30 cm in the soil profile at the higher Zn rates.

These data indicate that application of Zn‐containing fungicides and bactericides should not cause a Zn toxicity problem on the Plainfield sand in the foreseeable future.     

施用锌肥和遮阴互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响

采用大田裂区试验,研究了施用锌肥和不同遮阴程度互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明,与不施锌肥相比,施用锌肥能提高花生不同部位锌含量、增加叶片SPAD值,提高花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量,减少花生病害的发生,平均降低7.1个百分点,花生产量平均增加19.4%。相同施锌水平下,随着遮阴程度的增加,花生不同部位锌的含量和不同生育期叶片SPAD值以及花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量呈增加趋势,花生的发病率比不遮阴对照增加4.8、10.2个百分点,花生产量平均降低16.5%、10.0%。在30%、70%的遮阴条件下,施用锌肥的花生产量比不施锌的分别提高21.1%、25.0%。本试验条件下,施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm2,使花生具有较强的抗低温寡照能力及抗病性能,增产显著,可在花生产区推广应用。     

The effect of pig farming on copper and zinc accumulation in cattle in Galicia (north-western Spain)

Copper and zinc are frequently added at high concentrations to pig diets as growth promoters. Livestock grazing pasture contaminated with pig slurry may, therefore, be at risk from excessive intake of these elements. High liver copper concentrations have been detected in cattle from the agricultural region of Galicia (NW Spain), especially where there is intensive pig farming. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pig farming does affect accumulation of copper and zinc in cattle in Galicia. Hepatic copper and zinc concentrations in calves were elevated in areas with naturally high levels of these elements in the soil. The densities of young pigs (piglets and growing-finishing pigs), but not reproductive sows, also influenced copper accumulation in calves. Liver copper levels in calves were significantly and positively related to the density of young pigs in the region. In areas with the highest pig densities, more than 20% of the cattle analysed had hepatic copper concentrations that exceeded the potentially toxic concentration of 150 mg/kg fresh weight. There was no evidence that zinc accumulation in calves was affected by pig density.     

凤冈锌硒绿茶中7种儿茶素及咖啡因含量特征

采用HPLC方法同时测定了26个凤冈锌硒绿茶样品中7种儿茶素儿茶素(+C)、没食子儿茶素(GC)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(GCG)、表儿茶素(EC)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG))和咖啡因(CAF)的含量。结果表明,凤冈锌硒绿茶中儿茶素总含量平均值为20.08%,其中EGCG含量最高;儿茶素平均品质指数为556;咖啡因的含量平均值为3.9%。该研究可为凤冈锌硒绿茶品质的进一步研究提供依据。     

喷施乙烯利对生长前期甘蔗叶片维管束结构及硅镁锌含量的影响

在甘蔗生长前期用100mg/L浓度乙烯利对桂糖11号和新台糖20号进行叶面喷施。结果表明:⑴乙烯利处理使新台糖20号叶片中维管束密度、维管束中的后生导管和韧皮部面积均明显增大,并使硅含量提高,锌含量降低;⑵乙烯利处理对桂糖11号的叶片维管束面积、维管束中后生导管面积和韧皮部面积以及叶片的维管束密度都没有影响,但提高了叶片中硅、镁和锌的含量。     

不同锌水平对剑麻幼苗生长发育及生理代谢的影响

采用水培试验的方法,探讨了不同锌水平对剑麻幼苗生长发育及生理代谢的影响。研究结果表明,适量的锌可促进剑麻生长发育,高浓度的Zn2 则起抑制作用。同时发现,在一定Zn2 浓度范围内,适量的锌可不同程度地提高剑麻幼苗叶片POD、SOD、CAT及PPO等酶的活性,从而相应地降低剑麻幼苗叶片MDA、O2-的含量;适量的锌还可提高剑麻叶片叶绿素含量,增强光合作用,促进碳水化合物的合成和代谢。     

喷施乙烯利对生长前期甘蔗叶片维管束结构及硅镁锌含量的影响

在甘蔗生长前期用100mg/L 浓度乙烯利对桂糖11号和新台糖20号进行叶面喷施。结果表明：⑴乙烯利处理使新台糖20号叶片中维管束密度、维管束中的后生导管和韧皮部面积均明显增大,并使硅含量提高,锌含量降低;⑵乙烯利处理对桂糖11号的叶片维管束面积、维管束中后生导管面积和韧皮部面积以及叶片的维管束密度都没有影响,但提高了叶片中硅、镁和锌的含量。